Effect of vitamins A and B6 on the biochemical indicators of carp fingerlings (Cuprinus Carpio L.)

Abstract

Fishery is one of the most important branches of agriculture. The problem of providing fish farms with a life-saving fish-and-water material remains one of the most relevant in the history of fish farming. Increasing pond areas, increasing the density of fish landing with the intensification of the pond management, the development of industrial fish farming, the introduction of fish in small reservoirs of integrated use require a constant increase in production volumes.

Shredding is the traditional and most developed direction of fish breeding in Ukraine. The task of the fish industry is to get these years of carp of standard weight and fattening; increasing their survival, for this use vitamin supplements. Much of the vitamins to provide normal functioning of the body should come from food. In particular, the use of vitamin A (retinol) provides visual, reproductive, antioxidant and immune function, enhances growth, affects the metabolism of the body. Reducing the organism's resistance to diseases, slowing their growth, and breaking the sexual function of females and males is a consequence of vitamin A deficiency in the body of fish. The need for Vitamin A increases when the fish is in a state of stress. Vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine) is involved in the formation of vital fatty acids. Its shortage inhibits the growth of young fish, causes the development of anemia, fatty liver infiltration, multiple hemorrhages in the internal organs and on the skin, disturbances of the central nervous system and causes significant death, especially among young people. This is necessary to ensure a favorable wintering, conservation of fish and the cultivation of commercial fish.

Much of the vitamins to provide normal functioning of the body should come from food. The insufficient level of vitamin maintenance in the body leads to a decrease in the absorption of nutrients from food and to a general decrease in the body's resistance.

Unlike proteins, fats and carbohydrates, vitamins require an organism in very small quantities. Most of the vitamins are not synthesized in the body of fish, but come only with food and are essential in feeding fish.

Biochemical studies allow to observe changes in the level of cellular metabolism earlier from behavioral and morphological abnormalities. Therefore, the purpose of our work was to study the influence of vitamins A (powdered) and B6 (powdered and encapsulated in mycelium triblock copolymer) on the biochemical parameters of these years of flaky carp, which confirm the positive effect of vitamins A and B₆ on the physiological state of fish.

The objective of the study was to examine the effect of additional vitamins A (retinol) and В₆ (pyridoxine) in feed mixtures on the biochemical parameters of the Nivkovskiy intrabreeded type carp of Ukrainian scaly breed (Cuprinus carpio L.) fingerlings to obtain a quality fish seed material.

The studies were carried out at the Bila Tserkva experimental hydrobiological station of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 2015. To achieve this objective, the conventional biochemical methods were used. Scaly carp fingerlings were kept in the same conditions. Three groups of fish with an average initial mass of 1.4 ± 0.07 g at the age of 30 days with the same number of individuals (25 specimens) were used. One of the groups was the control one (group 1), and the other two were research groups, which were fed with the start combined feed with addition of vitamins A and В₆. The effect of powdered water-soluble vitamin В₆ with content of 99% of pyridoxine hydrochloride mass, as well as the complex of vitamins A and В₆, encapsulated in polymeric carriers, on biochemical indicators of carp was investigated and compared.

Indicators of water quality - temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen content in water were measured daily and did not differ from the normative values for carp production.

To assess the influence of the vitamin complex on these years, scaly carp has been studied in the tissues of white muscle such biochemical parameters as the content of glycogen, total protein, lipids and malonic dialdehyde.

It was found that the addition of encapsulated pyridoxine and pyridoxine complex encapsulated with retinol to the feed significantly by 9.9% and 22.52% increases the total protein content in the fish tissues as compared to the control. It was also observed a general positive effect of the investigated vitamin supplements, especially of the vitamin complex, on glycogen content in the tissues of scaly carp. The decrease in the processes of lipid peroxidation in tissues is evidence of the positive effect of vitamins A and В₆ on the physiological state of fish.

There is also a general positive effect of the investigated vitamin supplements and especially the vitamin complex on the content of lipids and glycogen in the tissues of the adult carp. This is evidence that vitamins A and B6 improve the physiological state of these carp species, increasing their growth rate. This allows you to get this year's carp of standard weight and fattening; increase their survival for the influence of negative factors, including during their wintering. According to the indicator of malondialdehyde in fish tissues, it can be stated that there is a high level of antioxidant activity and a greater ability to adapt fish to stressful events occurring with the participation of investigated vitamins.

The first time the on the biochemical parameters fingerlings carp when added to the diet of vitamin A and various chemical forms vitamin B₆.

 Key words: fingerlings, carp, vitamin A, vitamin В₆, biochemical indicators