Application of the method of integer step-by-step optimization for industrial injury reduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2018.03.033Abstract
The general statistical information on occupational injuries for the world and specifically for Ukraine is given. It is shown that mortality caused by the accidents nowadays occupies the third place after cardiovascular and oncological diseases. The application of optimization methods for reducing the occupational injuries at enterprises of Ukraine is substantiated. This gives the possibility to direct the funding for labor protection projects that are most needed and at the same time to reduce the cost of other projects, by eliminating unnecessary functions and types of work.
The researches and publications of other scientists were analyzed in this paper, which allowed to determine the prospects for the further research.
The task of parametric programming which allows the selection of projects on labor protection for Ukrainian enterprises was formulated. This ensures a minimization of the negative consequences in the process of adopting managerial decisions on labor protection by the application of mathematical tools and allows one to raise the level of effectiveness of the management of occupational safety due to the target orientation and takes into account time constraints, for the number of activities provided by economic resources.
Based on the Paret law and taking into account the causes of occupational injuries, the 15 measures for the labor protection were formed. Their aggregation allows to lower the rate of occupational injuries by 20,1%. Taking into account the statistical information, the results of previous studies in this paper author determined by how many percent, each measure will reduce the rate of occupational injuries and the cost of each event.
The method of integer step-by-step optimization is improved and adapted, which gives the opportunity to choose the optimal set of annual implementation of measures on occupational safety. The objective function of this method is aimed at minimizing the rates of occupational injuries and the danger of production equipment. This optimization method can be used and adapted to all enterprises in Ukraine.
A deep analysis of the decision process of the projects on occupational safety for "Romny Plant "Tractor Parts" was carried out, which made it possible to lover the value of occupational injury by 9.8%.
It is recommended to implement such measures for occupational safety: certification of workplaces; preparation and passing of the exam on electrical safety; provision of all production units with information stands on labor protection issues; performance of electrophysical measurements, testing of means of protection against electric shock; implementation and updating of all production departments with signs and posters of security, signaling tapes; carrying out of an inspectorate audit on labor protection; purchase of a computer program for training and verification of knowledge on occupational safety; ordering and developing normative documents on the use of personal protective equipment; conducting trainings on the use of personal protective equipment, primary fire extinguishing agents.
The results of the study are one of the steps in the benchmarking of labor protection and can become part of a long cycle of increasing the level of effectiveness of the management of occupational safety at enterprises in Ukraine.
Keywords: labor protection, occupational injuries, methods of optimization, benchmarking, efficiency of management of occupational safety, index of occupational injuries, indicators of the danger of production equipment, measures on occupational safety.
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