Productivity of northern performance depending on the system of main soil treatment and fertilizers under the conditions of irrigation of the south of Ukraine

Abstract

Productivity of agriculture, in particular, irrigated agriculture, depends essentially on the influence of the constituent elements of agro-industrial systems. Scientific and practical experience shows that the potential of agricultural crops of irrigated and non-irrigated crop rotation varies both in terms of yield and quality, and in economic terms, which requires the refinement of growing technologies with their adaptation to local natural and economic and economic conditions. Relevance are the research on determining the impact of the main cultivation of soil and fertilizers on the yield of crops in irrigated short-rotation crop rotations during cultivation in the south of Ukraine, as well as a comprehensive assessment of their productivity.

Effective measures of influence on the productivity level of short-term crop rotation include not only the application of irrigation, but also the introduction of scientifically substantiated doses of mineral and organic fertilizers against the background of differentiated treatment of soil. It is also important to record the cost of resources per unit of the product obtained from each crop rotation crop. First of all, the plants of the complex of agrotechnical factors - irrigation, fertilizers, soil cultivation, etc. – have a positive influence on the fact that they increase the intensity of production processes, and as a result - obtaining the maximum level of yield and quality of products.

The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of the main cultivation of soil and fertilizer on the productivity of irrigated crop rotation in the conditions of southern Ukraine. The task of the study was to determine the influence of the investigated factors on yield indices, yield of feed and grain units, as well as the energy efficiency of technologies for growing crops on irrigation.

Field experiments were carried out during 2007-2015 according to the experimental research method in the conditions of the Institute of Irrigation Agriculture of the NAAS in the zone of action of the Ingulets Irrigation System. Five systems of basic soil cultivation in the rotation of 4-plow fruit-changing irrigated crop rotation were investigated, which differ in methods, the depth of loosening and the costs of non-renewable energy for their implementation, the background of mineral nutrition and inoculation of soybean seeds with the biomedical drug ABM.

It has been proved that the crop yields of short-term irrigated crop rotation varied to varying degrees under the influence of systems of basic soil cultivation.

The highest yields from 1 hectare of crop rotation were provided by crops grown using multi-depth polyethylene and differentiated systems of basic cultivation of soil in crop rotation (options 1, 4, 5). At the same time, the energy intensity of the harvest increased to 82.2 and 82.0 GJ/ha. The maximum yield of grain at 6.7 t/ha formed corn for grain in the fifth variant with plowing to a depth of 28-30 cm against the background of a differentiated system of basic cultivation of soil in crop rotation. The coefficient of variation of the studied parameters varied significantly - from 5.4% (weak variation) in winter wheat to 26.5% (significant variation) - in rape.

During the 2011-2015 rotation of irrigated crop rotation, the use of organo-mineral fertilizer system with the use of fertilizer for the total leaf seed mass of crop rotation, inoculation of soy seeds with risotrophin and the introduction of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N₇₅P₆₀ kg of active substance per 1 hectare of sown area provided the highest output yield fodder and grain units in the application of fieldless and differentiated systems of basic cultivation of soil with one deep (38-40 cm) cracking for rotation of crop rotation.

The constant application of rotation of the crop rotation of the shallow (to a depth of 12-14 cm) without a field loosening led to a significant reduction in yields, especially in crop rotations, and also caused a decrease in crop rotation productivity in general for a full rotation at the exit of grain units by 22% compared with the system of multi-depth basic soil cultivation with rotation of the formation (control).

Increasing the dose of nitrogen fertilizer up to N_97,5P₆₀ kg of active substance per 1 hectare of sown area provided for an increase in the yield of all crops in the crop rotation, while the pattern was identical in N₇₅P₆₀ dosage variants. It should be noted that the most positive reaction to the improvement of the background of nitrogen nutrition was provided by corn - the increase in yield on average from 11.3 to 13.8 t/ha or 17.6%, as well as winter barley - from 3.6 to 4.1 t/ha (by 12.1%).

The difference analysis of the specific gravity of the investigated methods and the depth of the main cultivation of soil and fertilizers on the yield of crops of irrigated short-rotation crop rotation has been proved.

So, in barley of winter and in maize, the maximum influence on plant productivity was nitrogen fertilizers, respectively, on 74.9 and 54.9% of the total specific gravity of the formation of crop yields of these crops. Different schemes of basic cultivation of the grant provided the following magnitude of influence: barley – 21.1%; on corn - 36.1%. On the contrary, when cultivating soya in short-rotation irrigated crop rotation are significant