Residual contant of amoxicillin in chicken manuare with storage in mesophilic mode

Abstract

Introduction . The effectiveness of egg production is due to the introduction of intensive technologies in poultry farming, which involves the use of modern crosses and poultry lines, which has a high intensity of metabolism, due to the level of its productivity. Creating proper conditions for keeping, feeding and exploiting the livestock hens provides year-round free-range retention in poultry houses on the floor or in cell batteries. This, in turn, results in the accumulation of a significant amount of opportunistic and pathogenic microflora in the premises, which under certain conditions (technological, physiological, transport stresses, etc.) can cause a number of infectious diseases that lead to reduced productivity, product safety, death and rejection of the livestock.

In such cases, for a therapeutic purpose, a number of drugs with antimicrobial spectrum of action are used, including antibiotics that are capable of secretion from the body of chickens, both in eggs, and with poses.

The goal of the work - determine the residual antibiotic content in the chickens of the industrial herd for intensive egg production during the storage period of the litter under mesophilic conditions.

Materials and methods. The research was conducted on the basis of the research chemical-toxicological department of the State Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise.

The object of research was the chicken heap of industrial and repair herds and the cocks of the repair herd of the High-line cross-breed from the poultry farm of the Kiev region.

The system of the maintenance of chickens farms is feeble, the way of keeping - on the floor using litter. Feeding of chickens was carried out with full-fodder fodder, which ensured the need for poultry in nutritious and biologically active substances.

In chicken litter remains determined following drugs: Amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, sulfatiazol, sulfadimetoksin, sulfaguanidin, sulfadiozin, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, Sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfanilamide, tylosin, erythromycin, colistin.

Results of research and discussion As the data showed, there were no residues of sulfanilamide preparations in the litter of chickens of industrial herds, as well as in the cows and hens of the repair herd. From the group of antibiotics in the chickens of the industrial herd, the residual contents of amoxicillin, oxitetracycline and colistin in different concentrations were detected.

Only amoxicillin was detected in the litter of a repair flock of cocks, and amoxicillin and colistin were found in the chickens of the repair flock.

Analysis of the dynamics of residual amoxicillin content in the chickens of the industrial herd against the background of the residual content of oxytetracycline and colistin for storage under conditions of mesophilic regimen showed that the samples taken at the ends of the poultry had a minimal concentration of this antibiotic, while in the center of the poultry, its content exceeded it almost 10 times, due to a slightly higher concentration of poultry in the center of the room and the allocation of litter in this place.

Despite the initial concentration of amoxicillin, after 3 weeks of storage, the growth rate of this antibiotic was observed at 2.6 and 1.6 times in the litter selected at the ends of the poultry house, and in the litter selected in the center only a tendency to increase the content. It is characteristic that at the same time, the most intensive increase in the content of amoxicillin was noted in samples with a minimum of its concentration, while in samples of litter, selected in the center of the room, this growth was insignificant.

A similar pattern with respect to increasing the level of amoxicillin in chicken poultry samples continued to be stored and after 3 months of storage of litter in mesophilic conditions. At the same time, in the litter, selected at the ends of the poultry, the residual content of amoxicillin increased by 3.5 and 1.8 times, and in the center - by 23% compared to the original content.

After 12 months of storage of the chickens of industrial herds under mesophilic conditions, the residual amoxicillin content increased by 2.8 and 2.3 times in samples taken at the ends, and 1.7 times in samples taken at the center of the poultry house, compared with similar ones. data after 3 months of storage.

Analysis of the residual amoxicillin content in the chickens of the industrial herd after 15 months of storage showed a similar trend in all samples. Thus, the level of amoxicillin in the litter, selected at the ends of the poultry house, increased by 1.6 and 1.5 times compared with similar data in 12 months; in 4.5 and 3.6 times compared with similar data after 3 months of storage. The residual concentration of amoxicillin in the chickens chickens of the industrial herd selected at the center of the premises increased by 7% and 1.9 times in the same period, respectively, compared to the data after 12 and 3 months of storage.

An increase in the storage life of chickens of industrial herds containing amoxicillin up to 17 months resulted in further increase in the accumulation of this antibiotic. Moreover, in the litter of chickens, which were taken at the ends of the poultry, its content exceeded similar figures through 15; 12 and 3 months of storage respectively in 1,6 and 1,5 times; 2.6 and 2.3 times; 7.5 and 5.3 times. The same regularity was noted also in relation to the change in the concentration of amoxicillin in the chickens of the industrial herd selected in the center of the poultry house, where its level through 15; 12 and 3 months of storage increased by 20%; 30% and 2.2 times respectively.

The obtained data indicate that in the chicken litter, which was used amoxicillin, its concentration not only did not decrease in the process of storage by the mesophilic method, but also, on the contrary, continuously increased, even up to 17 months of storage.

Such data suggest that against the backdrop of the inhibition of most types of intestinal microflora, which belongs to the pathogenic, conditionally pathogenic, as well as symbiotic, fungi, especially representatives of the genus Penicillium, including Penicillium chrysogenum, which belongs to the soil microflora and is widely distributed in the environment, capable of continuing their livelihoods on the substrate, which is a chicken litter.

Considering that simultaneously with amoxicillin in the chickens of the chickens of the rearing herd the colistin was discovered, it can be admitted that fungi of the genus Penicillium that were found in the chickens litter, although producing an antibiotic, however, are less active than in the case of analogous data given in the chickens of industrial chickens herds Such a difference in the accumulation of amoxicillin during the storage period of chickens for chickens in industrial and maintenance herds is probably due to the bactericidal action of oxitetracycline on the microflora of the litter, in combination with amoxicillin and colistin. In the case of the absence of oxitetracycline, the residual content of which was not detected in the chickens of the repair flock, the effect of amoxicillin in combination with colistin on bacterial microflora of the litter, probably less manifested, which contributed to the emergence of species competition and insignificant production of amoxicillin by fungi.

In the case of the use of amoxicillin in a cockerel of a repair flock, another microflora, which is not sensitive to this antibiotic, could create competition for fungi that could provide the products of this secondary metabolite in the chicken pox, and its residues from the excrement of the bird decomposed in the environment for 3 weeks.

Conclusions and prospects for further research. The residual content of amoxicillin in combination with oxitetracycline and colistin in the chicken pox for storage in a mesophilic manner can be increased in proportion to the shelf life of 17 months in the range of 2.8-26 times depending on the starting level.

The residual content of amoxicillin in combination with colistin in the chicken litter under the mesophilic regime remains stable during the storage period of 17 months.

The residual content of amoxicillin in the chicken pox for the mesophilic storage method is decomposed within 3 weeks.

Prospective studies are the study of the composition of the microflora of the hens after the application of different combinations and doses of antibiotics, as well as factors affecting them.