Sanitary evaluation of waste from the processing of sea hydrobinotes used for the production of fees
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2018.04.018Abstract
The conducted researches established that among sea hydrobionts, which are used for the production of feeds, special sanitary safety is represented by mussels, which are used for the production of feed. They are seeded with anaerobic and aerobic - facultative microflora, from which bacteria of the Escherichia coli, salmonella, protea and staphylococcus are isolated. Bacterial contamination mussels increases in the process of their storage after the catch.
Sanitary assessment of mussels used for feed purposes was studied by Antoshina Ye.V., Melnik P.I. etc. scientists, but the sanitary assessment of the wastes received during the initial processing of mussels, etc. Hydrobionts, which can be used for feed purposes, in the complex, were practically not studied . From the sanitary assessment of marine hydrobionts the technology of their processing in feed also depends.
Taking into account the foregoing, to study the bacterial contamination of copper wastes obtained during their primary processing in food, waste from agar production - "iodoka" of algae after the removal of agar from them and seawater from which the mussels are harvested.
The object of research was the waste that comes from the processing of food mussels (mussels less than 4 s, the molds), algae after removing from them agar - "iodoka" and seawater. In carrying out sanitary researches of marine hydrobionts, we were guided by the recommendations of "Instructions on sanitary and bacteriological control of mussels" and the requirements of the current "Mandatory Minimum List of Studies". The research was carried out using the classical methods included in the Gosstandarty .
The conducted studies on the requirements of the current "Mandatory Minimum List of Studies", according to bacteriological indicators, found that the deposition of mussel waste by mesophilic anaerobic and anaerobic microorganisms is significant and not always consistent with veterinary and sanitary requirements. It is established that bacterial indigenous waste of mussels, from their primary processing is not constant, but depends on many factors: seasons, place of catch, sanitary state of sea water, from which the production of mussels, sanitary conditions of processing, etc.
Waste from mussel processing - fresh and questionable freshness correspond to the requirements of the "Mandatory minimum list" not only according to bacteriological parameters, but also for organoleptic and physico-chemical, which provides the basis for recycling them into feed.
From isolated 72 bacteria of the colon groups with serological identification, 64 (88.8%) of E. coli bacteria culture were sampled, which were distributed on the following serovarants: 026 - 9 (14.0%), 055 - 7 (10.9%), 09 - 5 (7 -8%), 025-6 (9.3%), 0111-5 (7.8%), 0115-9 (14.0%), 0137-6 (9.3%), 0127 - 9 (14.0%), 0137 - 8 (12.5%).
Among the selected cultures of 8 cultures, according to biochemical parameters, did not correspond to the bacteria of the E. coli group. Of the 64 selected cultures, 62 showed a different degree of hemolytic activity and had inherent pathogenic properties and increased heat resistance. Seedling with salmonella was observed from 6 to 20 samples, depending on the season and freshness of copper waste processing. From the fresh and doubtful freshness of mussels, during the winter season, salmonella did not stand out. Most of them were allocated in the summer and spring - autumn seasons. On average, salmonella was isolated during the year from 11.2% of fresh mussel samples, 12.2% of doubtful freshness and 15.5%, with fluctuations in different seasons from 30.0% to 100.0%.
Biochemical typing of 35 cultures of salmonella isolated from mussels was followed by the following serovarants: S. Typhimurium - 8 (22.8%), S. Paratyphi - 10 (28.5%), S. Enteritidis - 6 (17.1%), S Choleraeus - 11 (31.4%). All isolated serovarants salmonel pathogenic virulence. The heat resistance of isolated salmonella is different, but in most it is high. The conducted researches have established that copper waste (copper less than 4 cm) can be a source of protein. It was found that on average, Proteus was isolated from 12% fresh mussels, 13.2% of doubtful freshness and 16% of non-fat, and with fluctuations depending on the season and the freshness of mussels from 10% to 100%. Conducting studies of isolated proteolytic cultures by the Kauffman-Percha scheme, they were classified as O-antigens to 6 serogroups. Of the 23 selected crops, 03-4 (17.3%), 08-6 (26.0%), 010-4 (17.3%), 023-5 (21.7%), 030-4 ( 17.3%). It is established that the three proteins serovarians 03.08.010 have inherent pathogenic properties. In serovaracters 023 and 030, pathogenic properties were not detected. From the waste of mussels, we also detected staphylococci, which were isolated almost all seasons, with the exception of fresh mussels in the winter season. On average, staphylococci from fresh mussels stood at 8.9%, doubtful freshness - 12.5%, and not fresh - 14.5% with fluctuations according to the season and the freshness of mussels from 10% to 100%. of the isolated 24 staphylococcus cultures were classified into S.albus - 8 (29.1%), S. aureus - 9 (37.5%), S.citreus - 7 (29.1%). Summarizing the study of mussel waste according to bacteriological indices, it should be noted that they are substantially infected with the conditionally pathogenic microflora, especially not fresh mussels, which causes their processing in feed by technologies that in the process of processing destroyed the microflora. In addition, in the feed it is necessary to recycle only fresh waste and questionable freshness.
But in accordance with the requirements of the "Mandatory Minimum Research List", feed materials must necessarily be investigated for the content of toxic elements, which is especially for copper waste processing, studies conducted by domestic scientists and ours found that in meat of mussels, in process Their vitality accumulates various toxic elements (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, copper, zinc) whose content should not exceed the permissible levels. The studies conducted by us have established that the content of toxic elements in the waste of mussel processing, fresh and dubious freshness, that which we propose to use as raw material for processing in the feed, do not exceed the permissible levels and according to these indicators corresponds to the veterinary and sanitary requirements.
Summarizing the research results, the waste from the obtained primary copper processing can be stated that they can be used in fresh and questionable freshness as feedstocks for feed production, taking into account the results of our research.
Key words: mussels, marine hydrobionts, fodder additives, "iodine", bacterial contamination
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