Structural-morphological indicators of grain sorghum yield in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2018.06.011Abstract
The results of the field research with hybrids and a grain sorghum cultivar as to the effect of agro-technological factors – sowing terms and close stand on structural-morphological indicators of the quality of the crop yield – were covered in the paper. The quality of crop output, produced in agriculture, depends mostly on the factors of farm practices. A decisive factor in enhancing quality properties of grain is a whole complex of farm practices in agrophytocoenoses which have to be used for the creation of optimal conditions of the growth of a plant itself and grain formation. So it is relevant to have an objective agro-biological estimation of a current hybrid and varietal composition of grain sorghum, the study of structural-morphological indicators of the crop yield capacity in the conditions of the Central Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine.
The purpose of the research is to determine the scope of structural-morphological indicators of grain sorghum yield, hybrids «Lan 59»and «Prime» and cultivar «Dniprovskyi 39», depending on sowing terms and stand density of plants in the conditions of the Central Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine.
The experiments were laid down with the method of splitting plots and randomization in a fourfold replication according to the methodology of carrying out field trials aimed at improving the elements of farm practices used for agricultural crop cultivation. The following methods were used in the research: general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, observation, comparison, measurement), special methods (field, laboratory), mathematic-statistic and calculation-comparison methods. Within the years of the research, on the average, it was established that sorghum hybrids «Lan 95» and «Prime», sown at an early term and stand density 100 and 150 th pieces/ ha, had the largest size of panicle (25 and 23 cm), this indicator was at the level of 24 cm for cultivar «Dniprovskyi 39». The thickening of agrophytocoenosis up to 200 and 250 th pieces/ha decreased the length of panicle in hybrids and the cultivar by 5–6 cm on the average.
At the second term of sowing the indicators of a panicle length were almost identical and did not differ much from those of the first sowing term. The reduction of the soil moisture reserves at the third sowing term affected the panicle length of sorghum considerably. When the stand density was 100 and 150 th pieces/ha, the panicle length was 22–23 cm in hybrids «Lan 59» and «Prime», and 19 cm in cultivar «Dniprovskyi 39». The stand density increase of sorghum up to 220–250 th pieces/ha reduced the panicle length to 17–20 cm in hybrids and to 15 cm in the cultivar. The grain mass, formed in one panicle of grain sorghum, depended greatly on the conditions of different stand density of plants and sowing terms of the crop. It was the largest for both grain sorghum hybrids «Lan 59»,«Prime» and cultivar «Dniprovskyi 39» at the first sowing term and stand density 100 and 150 th pieces/ha, namely 32.0–56.1 and 41.1–44.4 g, respectively. The stand density increase of sorghum up to 220–250 th pieces/ha resulted in the decrease of grain mass in hybrid panicle by 17.8–45.6 % and that of the cultivar – by 40 %. This tendency was not recorded at the second and third sowing terms.
The mass of 1000 seeds in grain sorghum hybrid «Lan» and «Prime» ranged within 16.1–22.4 g, and that of cultivar «Dniprovskyi 39» was 16.7–19.6 g at a thinner stand density and the first sowing term. When the stand density of the plants was 220–250 th pieces/ha the mass of 1000 seeds decreased and amounted to 15.3–18.2 g in hybrids and 16.–17.9 g in the cultivar.
The thickening of agrocoenosis at both (second and third) sowing terms worsened the vegetation conditions of the crop considerably (low moisture supply), which had a negative effect on the indicators of grain mass in one panicle and the mass of 1000 seeds.
The results of the research have proved that sowing terms and stand density of grain sorghum agrophytocoenosis have a serious impact on the scope of structural-morphological indicators of the crop yield, and they are different for another soil-climatic zone of cultivation.
Key words: grain sorghum, sowing terms, stand density, panicle length, grain mass and mass of 1000 seeds
References
Bezruchko, O. I., Dzhulai, N. P. (2012). Popovnennia rynku sortiv roslyn Ukrainy: sorho zvychaine (dvokolorove) (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) [Market of varieties in Ukraine: sorghum vulgaris, bicolor (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.)]. Plant Varieties Studying and Protection, 3, 45–51. https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.3(17).2012.58830
Bol'shakov, A. Z., Kolomiets, N. Ya. (2003). Sorgo: ot selektsii k tekhnologii [Sorghum: from breeding to technology]. Rostov-na-Donu: Rostizdat, 112.
Cherenkov, A. V., Cherchel, V. Yu., Shevchenko, M. S., Fedorenko, E. M., Bodenko, N. A., Dziubetskyi, B. V.,… Kostiva, T. H. (2013) Kataloh sortiv ta hibrydiv Instytutu silskoho hospodarstva stepovoi zony NAAN Ukrainy [Catalog of varieties and hybrids of the Institute of Agriculture of the Steppe Zone of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]. Dnipropetrovsk: N.p., 104.
Yeshchenko, V. O., Kopytko, P. H., Opryshko, V. P., Kostohryz, P. V. (2005). Osnovy naukovykh doslidzhen v ahronomii [Basic research in agronomy]. Kyiv: Diia, 288.
Malinovskaya E. V., Gulov Ya. A. (2006). Vliyanie plotnosti poseva i mezhgenotipicheskoy konkurentsii na produktivnost' zernovogo sorgo [Influence of seeding density and intergenotypic rivalry on grain sorghum productivity]. Corn and Sorghum, 2, 23–24.
Makarov, L. Kh. (2006). Sorhovi kultury [Sorghum Crops]. Kherson: Ailant, 264.
Boiko, M. O. (2016). Vplyv hustoty posivu ta strokiv sivby na produktyvnist hibrydiv sorho zernovoho v umovakh Pivdnia Ukrainy [Influence of sowing density and timing of sowing on productivity of hybrids of grain sorghum in the conditions of the South of Ukraine]. Ukrainian Black Sea region Agrarian Science, 3, 96–104.
Boiko, M. O. (2016). Perspektyvy vyrobnytstva sorho zernovoho na Pivdni Ukrainy [Production perspectivies of grain sorghum in the south of Ukraine]. In Modems scientific researches and developments: theoretical value and practical results – 2016: materials of Int. Sci. & Pract. Conf. (pp. 23–24). March 15–18, 2016, Bratislava, Slovak Republik.
Gurskiy, H. A. (2000). Effektivnost' vozdelyvaniya sorgo v OAO «Sorgo» [Efficiency of sorghum cultivation in JSC «Sorghum»]. In Zernovye i kormovye kul'tury (selektsiya, semenovodstvo, tekhnologiya vozdelyvaniya) [Grain and fodder crops: breeding, seed production, cultivation technology] (pp. 6–8). Zernograd: N.p.
Kolomiets, N. Ya. (2003). Intensivnost' nachal'nogo rosta sorgo – vazhnyy selektsionnyy priznak [The intensity of the initial growth of sorghum – an important selection feature]. Plant Breeding and Seed Production, 2, 25–27.
Dospekhov, B. A. (1985). Metodika polevogo opyta (s osnovami statisticheskoy obrabotki rezul'tatov issledovaniy) [Methods of field experiment (with the basics of statistical processing of research results)]. (5nd ed., rev.). Moscow: Agropromizdat, 351.
Volkodav, V. V. (Ed.). (2001). Metodyka derzhavnoho sortovyprobuvannia silskohospodarskykh kultur. Vyp. 2. Zernovi, krupiani ta zernobobovi kultury [The method of state variety testing of agricultural crops. Vol. 2. Grain, cereals and leguminous plants]. Kyiv: Alefa, 65.
Ermantraut, E. R., Prysiazhniuk, O. I., Shevchenko, I. L. (2007). Statystychnyi analiz ahronomichnykh doslidnykh danykh v paketi STATISTICA 6.0 [Statistical analysis of agronomic study data in the Statistica 6.0 software suite]. Kyiv: PolihrafKonsaltynh, 55.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Relationship between right holders and users shall be governed by the terms of the license Creative Commons Attribution – non-commercial – Distribution On Same Conditions 4.0 international (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0):https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.uk
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
