Organoleptic evaluation of apples cv. Reinette Simirenko with postharvest ethylene inhibitor treatment, depending on collection place and harvest date

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2018.06.014

Keywords:

Ренет Симиренка, місце заготівлі, підщепа, строк збору врожаю, 1-метилциклопропен, зберігання, органолептична оцінка

Abstract

The influence of the collection place, time of picking and post-harvest treatment with 1-methylcyclopropane (1-MCP) on the organoleptic evaluation of common in Ukraine apples cv. Reinette Simirenko for mass and late harvesting from the orchards on dwarf (M.9) and medium-vigorous (MM.106) rootstocks during storage were studied.

Apples are the main fruit crop in Ukraine, which dominate in area of fruit orchards, as well as the level of fruit production and the volume of products for sale in the fresh market. Competition in the market requires high quality products in order to satisfy customers’ needs who usually prefer firm, juicy, tasty and aromatic apples with flesh firmness not less than 4.5 kg/cm2.

An optimal harvest date plays an important role in achieving the quality of horticultural products. Fruits, picked too early, are not sufficiently colored, not tasty, small and too firm, they are susceptible to physiological disorders and losses from fungal diseases, and those collected too late quickly become overripe, lose their firmness and are susceptible to mechanical damage. The size and firmness of apples, the content of sugars and organic acids depend to a certain extent on the type of orchard (rootstock) and region of fruit growing.

Post-harvest treatment of ethylene inhibitor 1-MCP slows the ripening of apples, promotes the preservation of fruit firmness, content of sugars and organic acids and prevents physiological disorders, but it quite often inhibits the formation of an aroma inherent pomological variety. Postharvest treatment of 1-MCP provides long-term delivery of quality products on market and reduces storage costs.

The article presents the results of organoleptic evaluation of apples cv. Reinette Simirenko with post-harvest 1-MCP treatment after sixth months of refrigeration storage, depending on the harvest time and place of collection. The purpose of the research is to achieve the high quality parameters of apples from different places of collection and different picking times with postharvest treatment of 1-MCP.

The research was conducted during the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 storage seasons at the Department of horticulture and viticulture, Uman National University of Horticulture. The article presents results for the fruits of the 2011 harvest. Apples cv. Reinette Simirenko were collected in Vinnytsia region (Center) from an intensive irrigated orchard on dwarf (M.9) and a traditional one on middle-vigorous (MM.106) rootstocks, they were also harvested in Chernivtsi region (West) from an intensive (M.9) orchard.

Fruits were collected in two terms: the first, with the onset of harvest maturity (mass pick), and a week later (delayed picking), taking into account flesh firmness, content of dry soluble substances, iodine-starch test and Streif index. Apples were cooled at 5±1 °C and relative humidity of 85-90 %, and the next day half of the output was treated with 1-MCP on the recommendation of the producer of the Smart Fresh drug. Fruits were stored in a storage room at 2±1 °C and relative humidity of 85-90% (control - untreated fruits).

Apple organoleptic evaluation was carried out by permanent commission of 10 people after six months of storage and a week shelf-life at 20 °C and relative humidity of 55 ... 60 %. By a 10-point scale, aroma, hardness, crispiness, juiciness, flavor, sweetness, acidity and overall fruit evaluation were determined. The impact of the studied factors was evaluated by a multifactorial analysis based on the program «Statistica».

It has been found out that a harvest date does not affect the organoleptic evaluation of apples cv. Reinette Simirenko from the intensive orchard on dwarf rootstock M.9 and from a traditional one on middle-vigorous rootstock MM.106 from the central region. The apples collected from the intensive orchard of the western region at the beginning of harvest maturity (mass picking) had higher aroma at 1.2 points, a 1.1 higher juiciness and a 0.9-point higher total score (compared with delayed picking). Somewhat higher score of sweetness and mealiness was found in fruits collected a week later (difference is not significant).

At the end of the six-month cold storage, the organoleptic evaluation of apples cv. Reinette Simirenko does not depend on the type of orchard (rootstock). The location of a fruit orchard has some effect only on the firmness of apples (it was 0.6 points higher in apples from the western region).

Fruits with post-harvest treatment of 1-MCP were 1.5–1.9 points more acid, 3.0–3.4 – more juicy, 3.1–3.4 – firmer, 3.3–3.7 more crispy and their overall score was 1.3–1.5 points higher (compared with the untreated ones); mealiness was 3.5–3.9 points less.

Key words: Reinette Simirenko, collection place, rootstock, harvest date, 1-methylcyclopropane, Smart Fresh, storage, organoleptic evaluation

Author Biographies

  • O. Drozd, Uman National University of Horticulture
    інженерно-технологічний факультет, кафедра технології зберігання і переробки зерна, старший викладач
  • О. Melnyk, Uman National University of Horticulture
    Кафедра плодівництрва і виноградарства, професор
  • I. Melnyk, Uman National University of Horticulture
    Кафедра плодівництва і виноградарства, науковий співробітник

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Published

2018-12-29

Issue

No. 6(76) (2018)

Section

Agronomy

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