Yield and quality of apple-tree layers M.9 and 54-118 depending on substrate for hilling
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2019.01.014Keywords:
rootstock, standard layers, commercial grade, substrateAbstract
The article is devoted to the investigation of the influence of mulching materials on the yield and quality of the layers of apple-tree clonal rootstock M.9 and 54-118 types.
Propagation of planting material for intensive apple orchards is based on high-quality vegetatively propagated rootstock material, which is obtained from the mother plants. High efficiency of mother plants is achieved by hilling with an organic substrate, which contributes to a higher yield of rootstocks with the highest commercial quality.
Since the sawdust requires an annual update, it is relevant to find a substitute for it and reduce its use, in particular through the use of polyurethane pellets. Hilling of the mother plants of apple rootstocks with a mixture of sawdust with 25–50% of granules provides a better result compared to the soil.
In 2012-2014 the research was conducted in the training and production department of Uman National University of Horticulture. In 2002 the mother plantation of rootstock M.9 was laid down (54-118 in 2010) with the virus-free plants in the way of horizontal layers with the scheme of planting 1.4 x 0.33 m. The influence of a mixture of hardwood sawdust (with the exception of oak) with the addition of 25, 50 or 75% of foam-polystyrene granules with a diameter of 0.3–0.8 cm on the yield and quality of the layers was studied.
The maximum total yield and standard layers output of the rootstock M.9 are achieved on a substrate with a 25% granule content. With an increase in the content of granules in substrate, the yield of standard layers decreased. The use of 50–100% of granules in the substrate for the first hilling provided a significantly higher yield of first-grade layers. The dependence is non-linear with a maximum at 75% granule content. The maximum yield of second-grade layers was obtained using a substrate with a 25% granule content, with a tendency to decrease with an increase in the proportion of granules in the substrate.
The maximum total yield and standard layers output of the rootstock 54-118were achieved on a substrate with a 50% granule content; and with an increase in the proportion of granules, the output decreased. Hilling with a substrate with a 25–75% granule content provides a significantly higher yield of first-grade layers, and with a 25–50% granule content the output of second-grade ones was higher.
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