Activity of the antioxidant defense system of the carp organism under the influence of stress factors and the use of milk thistle in feeding
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2021.05.010Keywords:
carp, milk thistle, production intensification, stress factors, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidationAbstract
Intensification measures in carp farming are accompanied by the emergence of stressors, which negatively affects the productive characteristics and functional state of organs and systems of fish. One of the ways to counteract their negative effects on the body is to stimulate the antioxidant defense system.
The aim of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of plant additives with antioxidant properties of milk thistle in carp feeding, under optimal housing conditions (Experiment I) and under the influence of stress factors common in fish farming, namely: pollution of the aquatic environment with nutrients (Experiment 2) and this pollution. complexes with a decrease in the content of dissolved oxygen in water (Experiment 3).
The studies used one-year-old carp, which were divided into experimental and control groups within each of the three variants of the experiment. Control groups of fish received feed with a protein content of 23%. Carp of the experimental groups in addition to the feed by granulation was introduced crushed seeds of milk thistle in the amount of 5%. Experimental feeding lasted 20 days.
In accordance with the generally accepted methods and purpose of the experiment in fish farming, the physicochemical parameters of the aquatic environment are provided. Indicators of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and activity of the body's antioxidant defense system (ANS) were analyzed.
It was determined that when feeding thistle carp under annual conditions under optimal growing conditions in the muscles of the experimental group there is some tendency to increase the content of catalase (by 14.6%), and the content of SOD, TBC products and diene conjugates is at the same level as and in control. In the hepatopancreas, on the other hand, the level of catalase decreases somewhat relative to control and there is a tendency to reduce TBA products and the content of diene conjugates is reduced by 75% (p <0.05).
When feeding milk thistle for contamination of the aquatic environment with nutrients in the muscles almost three times the content of SOD (p˂0.01). The content of catalase tends to decrease, and the content of TBA products and diene conjugates increases by 51%. In the hepatopancreas there is a tendency to decrease all of the above indicators relative to the control group.
It was found that the introduction of milk thistle in the feed under conditions of complex exposure to stressors in the muscles increases the content of SOD (p˂0,001). The content of catalase and TBA products decreases slightly in the hepatopancreas, the content of SOD (p˂0.001) and diene conjugates (p˂0.001) increases.
Therefore, the antioxidant properties of milk thistle are more pronounced as a result of use in the feeding of carp in the presence of environmental stressors, compared with optimal growing conditions.
References
Kharitonova N. N. (1984). Biologicheskie osnovy intensifikatsii prudovogo rybovodstva. Kyiv : Naukova dumka.
Hrytsyniak I. I., Hrynzhevskyi M. V., Tretiak O.M., Kiva M. S., & Mruk A. I. (2008). Fermerske rybnytstvo. Kyiv : Herb.
Shandruk O. M. (2012). Vplyv stresovykh chynnykiv na ryboproduktyvnist staviv pry vyroshchuvanni riznovikovykh hrup ukrainskoho luskatoho koropa ta zasoby yikh poperedzhennia. Rybohospodarska nauka Ukrainy. 1. 42—52.
Maslyanko R. P., Oleksiychuk I. I., & Podol'skiy A. I. (2001). Opredelenie faktorov nespetsificheskoy rezistentnosti kletochnykh i gumoral'nykh mekhanizmov pri infektsionnykh zabolevaniyakh : metodicheskie rekomendatsii dlya otsenki i kontrolya immunnogo sostoyaniya zhivotnykh. L'vov.
Vasil'eva E. A. (1982). Klinicheskaya biokhimiya sel'skokhozyaystvennykh zhivotnykh. Moskva.
Romero J., Feijoó C. G., & Navarrete P. (2012). Antibiotics in aquaculture — use, abuse and alternatives. Health and Environment in Aquaculture. Rijeka : InTech. 159—198. https://doi.org/10.5772/28157
Sherman I. M. (1994). Stavove rybnytstvo. Kyiv : Urozhai.
Hasan M. R. (2001). Nutrition and feeding for sustainable aquaculture development in the third millennium. In R. P. Subasinghe, P. Bueno, M. J. Phillips, C. Hough, S. E. McGladdery, & J. R. Arthur, eds. Aquaculture in the Third Millennium. Technical Proceedings of the Conference on Aquaculture in the Third Millennium, Bangkok, Thailand, 20-25 February 2000. 193—219. NACA, Bangkok and FAO, Rome. URL: https://www.fao.org/3/ab412e/ab412e10.htm
Babych A. O. (1997). Kormovi i likarski roslyny v ХХ–ХХІ stolittiakh. Kyiv : Ahrarna nauka.
Dovzhenok I. A. (2008). K voprosu o bezvrednosti fitopreparatov. Provіzor. 2. 29—32.
Kozak T. I. (2012). Roztoropsha pliamysta — Silybum marianum (L) Gaert. Visnyk Lvivskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. 6. 86—93.
Abenavoli L., Capasso R., Milić N. & Capasso F. (2010). Milk thistle in liver diseases: past, present, future. Phytotherapy Research. 24 (10). 1423—1432. . https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3207
Kolesnyk M. D., Semenov C. O., Bankovska I. B., & Trotskyi M. Ya. (2007). Osoblyvosti khimichnoho skladu roztoropshi pliamystoi. Visnyk Poltavskoi derzhavnoi akademii. 1. 93—95
Pradhan S. C., & Girish C. (2006). Hepatoprotective herbal drug, silymarin from experimental pharmacology to clinical medicine. Indian. J. Med. Res. 124 (5). 491—504.
Kurkin V. A. (2003). Rastoropsha pyatnistaya — istochnik lekarstvennykh sredstv (obzor). Khimiko-farmatsevticheskiy zhurnal. 37. 27— 41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-9327(03)00004-8
Zheltov Yu. O. (2003). Metodychni vkazivky z provedennia doslidiv po hodivli ryb. Rybne hospodarstvo. 62. 23—28.
Alekin O. A. (1970). Osnovy gidrohimii. Leningrad : Gidrometeoizdat.
Voda rybohospodarskykh pidpryiemstv. Zahalni vymohy ta normy (2006). SOU 05.01–37–385:2006. Standart Minahropolityky Ukrapiny. Kyiv: Ministerstvo ahrarnoi polityky Ukrainy.
Privezentsev Yu. A. (1971). Ukazaniya po opredeleniyu kachestva vody v rybovodnykh prudakh. Moskva : Kolos.
Stal'naja I. D. (1977). Metod opredelenija dienovoj kon'jugacii nenasyshhenyh vysshih zhirnih kislot. Sovremennye metody v biohimii. 63—64.
Korobejnikova E. N. (1989). Modifikacija opredelenija produktov perekisnogo okislenija lipidov v reakcii s tiobarbiturovoj kislotoj. Laboratornoe delo, 7, 8—9.
Dubinina E. E., Sal'nikova L. A., & Efimova L. F. (1983). Aktivnost' i izofermentnyj spektr superoksiddismutazy jeritrocitov i plazmy krovi cheloveka. Laboratornoe delo. 10. 30—33.
Koroljuk M. A., Ivanova, L. I., & Majorova, I. G. Metod opredelenija aktivnosti katalazy. Laboratornoe delo. 1. 16—19.
Bradford M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72. 248—254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
Plohinskij H. A. (1969). Rukovodstvo po biometrii dlja zootehnikov. Moskva : Kolos.
Rokitskiy P. F. (1973). Biologicheskaya statistika. Minsk : Vysheyshaya shkola.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Relationship between right holders and users shall be governed by the terms of the license Creative Commons Attribution – non-commercial – Distribution On Same Conditions 4.0 international (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0):https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.uk
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
