Species diversity and fatures of the wooddestroying mushrooms Nemyriv district

Abstract

This article presents the results of the study of the species composition of wood-destroying fungi of Nemirov district of Vinnytsia region and Bioecological Features of their Distribution. Aphilophoroid fungi make up the majority of wood-destroying fungi and are of great ecological importance. The work was performed by means of route surveys to determine the taxonomic composition of woody plants and wood-destroying fungi. They inspected live and dead trees and shrubs, as well as their waste, branches and stumps. The object of research were species of fungi of department the Basidiomycota. Classical morphological-anatomical, ecological-areological and comparative methods were used for analysis of the species composition of basidial fungi. In the forests of Nemiriv district of Vinnytsia region, 83 fungi were found, which belong to 13 species of wood-destroying fungi and are distributed on 10 wood species. Wood-destroying fungi grow here on the root, trunk, branches of trees, dry wood, stumps and a piece of wood waste. The following species of wood-destroying fungi were the most common: Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., Phellinus igniarius (L.) Quél., Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd, and Schizophyllum commune Fries. These species of wood-destroying fungi are quite common in forest ecosystems. These fungi occur at different stages of wood destruction. Also, the tree species that are most susceptible to wood-destroying fungi have been identified, such as Quercus robur L., Carpinus betulus L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Tilia cordata. Wood-destroying fungi play a major role in the destruction of forest precipitation, and, as a consequence, this process, the cycle of matter in nature. They clear the soil of numerous fallen leaves, needles, twigs, destroys tree stumps, dryness, broken and wind-blown trunks, logs, which leaves in the woods in place of cuttings.