Environmental risks of herbicides application in forage agroecosystems of Polesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2020.02.004Keywords:
herbicides, fodder crop rotation, ecotoxicological load, environmental risk.Abstract
The relevance of the presented scientific results is caused by global ecotoxicological loads that is grownin agroecosystems.It has threat of toxicity increase in the trophic chain plant-animal-human, which is the characteristic to forage agroecosystems.
The results are presented in thearticle were obtained in a short-term field experiment during 2016-2018by the Institute of Agriculture of PolissiaNational Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. The experiment was realisedon Luvisolic Ferro-HumicPodzolsoilsin the Korosten agricultural soil’s region of Central Polesia.
The experiment was carried out in a 3-fieldcrop rotation of Narrow-leaved Lupine - Winter wheat –Cornfor green mass. The last one were grown for green mass. The effectiveness of IV-th generation herbicides and their tank mixtures with I-st-generationherbicides were studied.
The herbicides application gave additional yields of Narrow-leaved lupine - up to 0,28…0,60 t / ha (+ 25,2%... + 54,1% in addition to control);Winter wheat - up to 0,39 -0,77 t / ha (+ 17,5% ... + 32,5% to control), Corn for green mass - up to 17,3-34,0 t / ha (+ 156% ... + 306% to control).
The maximum effect forprevention of crop losses and reduction of weed levels was exerted by the protection system based on tank mixtures of herbicides of I-st and IV-th generations: Narrow-leaved lupine (Prado + Bazagran) - Winter wheat (Granstar Pro 75 + Prima) - Corn for green mass (Titus + Prima).But it led to an increaseecotoxicological pollution risk to agroecosystem in 17 times compare to the system based on IV-th herbicides generation (Prado, Granstar and Titus), although it supported the risk ofecotoxicological loads in theforage agroecosystem at level of “low hazard”. The application of I-st generation herbicides (Bazagran, Prima) is impractical, due toincreased risk of ecotoxicological load by 12.5… 42.3 times compared to IV-th generation herbicides (Prado, Granstar Pro, Titus).
Under the conditions of a large number of herbicides on the market, the producer requires information on the compensation of the ecotoxicological load in the agroecosystem with yield growth (reduction of weediness) to justify the economic and environmental feasibility of the drug.Therefore, an additional indicator was proposed - the ecological risk justification coefficient (Cerj), which indicates what share of the additional crop is compensated by the increase in possible soil pollution with pesticides.
According to the results of the AETI and Cerj assessment, it was proved that, in general, for rotation of the studied fodder crop rotation, the least environmentally risky and justified yield increasable is such a system of plant protection against weeds based on IV-th herbicides generation: narrow-leaved lupine (Prado) - winter wheat (Granstar Pro ) - corn for green mass (Titus), which provides compensation for the increase in possible soil contamination by germination of crop yields on average for crop rotation at the level of 209 tons of feed units per conventional 1 kilogram of possible herbicides soil contamination.
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