Ground porousity during the period flowering, winter wheat wholesale and leaf closure in the row of sugar beet

Abstract

Manifestations of agrophysical degradation, first of all, soil compaction and loss of structure, remain an urgent issue for Ukrainian chernozems. With increased anthropogenic pressure on soils, these processes only spread and therefore it is very important to find tillage systems and technologies that would reduce the negative impact on soils. The main areas that reduce the intensity of degradation processes in soils are the minimization of tillage and biologization of agriculture. Intensive tillage has led to accelerated mineralization of organic matter and as a consequence of reducing its content consumption of soil structure, and hence the deterioration of its water, air, heat and microbiological regimes. The reasons for the deterioration of the physical properties of the soil are the use of agricultural machinery, intensive tillage, a significant reduction in land reclamation, especially organic fertilizers, a significant share in crop rotations of row crops and almost complete absence of perennial grasses. At the same time, maintaining physical properties in the optimal range of values is a necessary condition for obtaining the planned return from fertilizers, ameliorants and water, the cost of which is currently very high. In the system of agrotechnical measures aimed at increasing soil fertility and crop productivity, rational mechanical tillage is of great importance, which regulates agrophysical, biological and agrochemical processes occurring in the soil, the intensity of decomposition and accumulation of organic matter, content root-containing layer and effective use of fertilizers applied by plants. Studies have shown the improvement of the parameters of physical properties of soils while minimizing their cultivation. Obviously, for the successful application of minimum tillage technologies, the soil must have physical properties that are close to optimal for most crops. That is why the study of the impact of soil-protective agricultural techniques on porosity and other indicators of physical properties is relevant for specific soil and climatic conditions.