Field germination and survival of plants soft spring wheat depending on the technology of cultivation in Forest-steppe of the Right-Bank Ukraine

Authors

  • S. M. Kalens’ka National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine image/svg+xml
  • V. Yu. Suddenko VM Myronov Wheat Institute of NAAS of Ukraine , Миронівський інститут пшениці імені В. М. Ремесла НААН України

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2016.02.012

Keywords:

пшениця м’яка яра, протруйники, система удобрення, сорт, технологія вирощування, польова схожість, виживаність рослин, урожайність

Abstract

The state grain production determines the development of all branches of agro-industrial complex and the level of people's welfare. From grain production depends, it will provide the population with staple food - bread, industry - raw materials, will the state have the necessary material and raw material resources for it.

In Ukraine traditionally sown spring wheat in a small area, using mainly as an insurance culture for repair or replanting crops of winter wheat that died or was damaged during the winter. Also one of the reasons for insufficient dissemination of spring wheat was the lack of plastic highly productive intensive varieties. Therefore, for a long time, almost no attention was paid to the development and improvement of technology of cultivation of spring wheat in the Ukraine.

The aim of our research was scientific justification and optimization of technologies of cultivation of varieties of soft spring wheat in the conditions of Forest-steppe of the Right-Bank Ukraine, depending on the elements of growing technology, in particular the system of fertilizer, plant protection and seed pre-treatment. To achieve this goal have been formulated and solved the following tasks: to establish features of formation of efficiency of spring wheat varieties depending on the impact of the integrated system of fertilization and pre-treatment of seeds.

Experimental studies carried out during the 2012-2014 in the fields of The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka institute of wheat NAAS of Ukraine. The objects of the three-year study were varieties of soft spring wheat Elehiia Myronivska and Simkoda Myronivska. Sowing was carried by seeder SN-10 Ц for soybeans predecessor. Seeding rate -. 5 million viable seeds per 1 ha. The accounting area – 10,3 m2, repeated of the experiment - four single. Yields were determined after threshing combine experimental plots "Sampo 130" with recalculation to a standard humidity (14 %). Germination and plant survival was determined by counting the number of plants per 1 m per running in three non-adjacent repeated.

Established that seed germination increases by pre-treatment of different protectants and microfertilizers in the variety Elegiia Myronivska by 3,3 – 8,2 %, and in the variety Simkoda Myronivska by 2,7 – 7,0 % compared with the control. The highest field germination of the varieties Elegiia Myronivska and Simkoda Myronivska marked by simultaneously seed treatment of protectants Rancona 15, м.е., 1.2 l/t and Selest Top 312.5 FS, t.k.s. 1.5 l/t and microfertilizers Fertihreyn start, 1 l/t and Tseovit zernovi, 1 l/t. The survival of plants was increased in variety Elegiia Myronivska from 7,8 % to 10,5 % and variety Simkoda Myronivska - on 5,3-9,1 % regarding options without seed treatment. The best percentage of surviving plants in the studied varieties was noticed on variant where seeds were treatment protectant fungicidally insecticidal action Selest Top 312.5 FS, t.k.s. 1.5 l/t together with microfertilizer Tseovit zernovi, 1 l/t. By using drugs for seed treatment of soft spring wheat marked increase of yield in a variety Elegiia Myronivska at 0,24-0,40 t/ha, in a variety Simkoda Myronivska - at 0,18-0,34 t/ha. The best results were received from treatment by seed protectants Selest Top 312.5 FS, t.k.s. 1.5 l/t together with microfertilizers Tseovit zernovi, 1 l/t and Fertihreyn start, 1 l/t.

Found that by using mineral nutrition field germination of seeds of a variety Elegiia Myronivska was higher (76,0-79,2 %) compared to the variety of Simkoda Myronivska (73,4-77,4 %). The optimum rate of fertilizer for a good field  germination of spring wheat in conditions of right-bank forest-steppe is N30P30K30+N30IV, by introducing of  which a yield of variety  Elegy Myronivska compared to control increased at 0.75 t/ha by minimum levels of protection and at 1,05 t / ha of intensive protection and variety Simkoda Myronivska - at 0,74 and 1,00 t/ha. Given that the impact of growing technology elements are not sufficiently studied on the new spring wheat varieties believe that further studies need to continue and deepen.

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Issue

No. 2 (59) (2016)

Section

Agronomy

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