EFFICIENCY MICRONUTRIENTS FERTILIZERS “REAKOM” ON THE CROPS OF SUGAR BEET

Abstract

 The purpose of research is learning new forms of micronutrients fertilizers "Reakom" on crops of sugar beet. In process of investigation it was used field and laboratory methods with mathematical processing of the results. Maximum productivity of sugar beet hybrid Ukrainskyi ЧС-72  was got by foliar application micronutrients fertilizer Reakom-svekla on ОЕDF + ultramicronutrients in dose 4 l/ha: roots yield – 47,8 t/ha, sugar content – 16,8 %, sugar harvest – 8,0 t/ ha. For technologies of intensive cultivation of sugar beets the foliar apply of micronutrients fertilizer "Reakom" is highly efficient. On the fond of fertilizers dose N₁₂₀P₁₂₀K₁₂₀ under plowing applying for foliar application of micronutrients fertilizers "Reakom", 4 l/ha in the phase of closing leaves between rows improved dynamic of sugar beet grow and development, decreased the ball of leaves surface defeat by cercospora blight in comparing to control without micronutrients fertilizers on 15-19 %, and provided an increase of roots yield – on 3,3-5,4 t/ha, sugar content – 0,1-0,8%, sugar harvest – 0,9-1,3 t/ ha.

Key words: micronutrients fertilizer "Reakom", sugar beet, productivity

       The use of micronutrients fertilizers for foliar application is an integral part of modern agricultural technologies of growing sugar beets. Enhanced plant nutrition with micronutrients activates the internal processes of metabolism, increases their resistance to stress factors, enhances the process of photosynthesis, promotes for improving yield and obtaining root crops with high technological qualities [1, 2].

The market of micronutrient fertilizers becomes oversaturated; the new forms of preparations with wide spectrum of micronutrients appear every year as well as growth regulators made on base of different chelates components and surfactants. All of this requires their complex investigation with considering physiological features of agricultural crops and developing efficient approaches their application.

  Analysis of last research and publications. The research results of M. Ya. Shkolnik [3], I. I. Buriak [4] suggest that foliar application of micronutrients fertilizers and natural humates on beet sugar increases plant resistance to stress factors, atmospheric and soil drought, strengthens the immune system in the fight against pests and diseases.

According toS. Yu. Bulygin, L. F. Demysheva, V. A. Doronina et al. [5] the use of chelated micronutrients fertilizers and humates quickly changes the state of the plasma cells of leaf plates, increases the activity of enzymes and activate the metabolism.

Maliutyn L. G., Maliutyna N. L., Mukhanova S. M., Eslynher A. V. [6] believe that foliar application of chelated compounds of micronutrients on crops enhances plant respiration, absorption and excretory functions of root system. Due to the intensification of the exchange processes it is increased the use of nutrients by plants from soil and fertilizers, which promotes to the growth of their productivity.

According to E. V. Leshchenko, V. A. Borysiuk [7] a foliar application of micronutrients in the form of chelated organic-mineral complexes on sugar beet increases the intensity and productivity of photosynthesis, enhances transport of assimilates from leaves, and promotes the utilization of sugars in the roots. Micronutrients coming into the body of plants in the form of organic-mineral compounds better interact with protein complexes; activate the binding of gaseous substances - oxygen and carbon dioxide, which plays an important role in redox reactions.

Investigations made by A. S. Zaryshniak, I. M. Zherdetskyi [8] showed that foliar application has a number advantages on ground application, allowing avoid sorption and other processes in the soil, provide flow of micronutrient directly to plants organs, the places where origin synthesis of organic matters takes place, provide quick balance of micronutrient nutrition, increase plants tolerance to the stresses, enhance plant immunity to insects and diseases. Optimization of sugar beet nutrition against composition of macro- and micronutrients allows getting additionally from 0,5 to 1,2 t sugar per hectare.

Investigation purpose was to study the efficiency of new forms of micronutrient fertilizers “REAKOM” on crops of sugar beet.

         Materials and investigation methods. Investigations were carried out in the conditions of temporary experiment (2011-2013 years) of Ternopol State Agricultural Research Station, in the conditions of sufficient moisture of Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine.

Soil of research plot of land is black soil, low organic matter content, loamy texture with the following agrochemical and physic-chemical characteristic of topsoil (0-30 cm): organic matter content (for Turin) – 3,4 %, hydrolyzable nitrogen (for Kornfild) – 110 mg/kg of soil, mobile phosphoric and potassium (for Chirikov) reciprocally – 84 та 76 mg/kg of soil; hydrolytic acidity (for Kappen) – 1,42 mg на100 gof soil.

In investigation hybrid Ukrainskyi ЧС-72 was grown. Site drilled area – 79 м²(14,65 м х 5,4 м), accounting area – 25 м²(9,25 м х 2,70 м), repetition – three-times. Study of micronutrient fertilizers were carried out on the fond of applying N₁₂₀P₁₂₀K₁₂₀under plowing. Crops growing agrotechnique was common for zone.

Micronutrient fertilizers were applied one-time for foliar application on the phase of clamping leaves between the rows with dose 4 l/ha. To micronutrient fertilizers composition the following chelates forms of micronutrient were included: Mn – 3,7, Cu – 3,6, Zn – 2,5, Co – 0,5, Mo – 2,0, B – 4,7 g/l, made on the ground of lysine, ОЕDF and its derivatives.

Aqueous compositions of micronutrient fertilizers were prepared right before their application and spread with portative sprayer. Crops were treated in clear (not rainy) weather, not hot time of day (t = 20-23 ºC).

Harvest records of roots and leaves were conducted for individual plots with the following conversion into1 haof drilling area.

Investigation results ant their discussion. Study of different forms of micronutrient fertilizers showed that foliar application of them allows significantly activate physiological processes in plants and give them higher temps grow and development. Weight of one-plant root and leaves under micronutrient fertilizers application were increased compare to control without micronutrient fertilizers in July reciprocally on  5-20 and 17-29, August – on 37-51 and 36-63, September – on 42-64 and 44-78 g/plant. The highest dynamic in plant grow and development was observed when applied for foliar application micronutrient fertilizers REAKOM-sugar beet on lysine, REAKOM-sugar beet on ОЕDF + ultramicronutrients and REAKOM-RLK-sugar beet on ОЕDF-2-aminoethanol + ultramicronutrients: weight of one-plant root in September equaled reciprocally   464, 475 and 473 g, leaves –  403, 392 and 389 g/plant.

Micronutrient fertilizers made on the base of lysine showed higher efficiency in comparing with micronutrient fertilizers having chelated on ОЕDF. Weight of one-plant root at the end of vegetation period when applied REAKOM-sugar beet on lysine in comparing with REAKOM-sugar beet on ОЕDF determined higher – on11 g, leaves – on30 g. Wherein micronutrient fertilizers with chelate component lysine influenced more effectively on dynamic of leaves grow and development, creating more powerful mass of leaves compare to roots. When applied REAKOM-sugar beet on lysine the weight of one-plant leaves at the end of vegetation period equaled403 g, root –464 g; REAKOM-sugar beet on ОЕDF – reciprocally 373 and453 g.

Efficiency of micronutrient fertilizers greatly increased when ultramicronutrients were included to their composition. Ultramicronutrients enhanced ontogeny of plants and created ground for intensive leaves and root mass bield up. When applying micronutrient fertilizers REAKOM-sugar beet on ОЕDF + ultramicronutrients the weight one-plant root at the end of vegetation period in comparing with analogy fertilizer but without ultramicronutrients increased – on22 g, leaves – on19 g; micronutrient fertilizer REAKOM-RLK-sugar beet on ОЕDF-2-aminoethanol + ultramicronutrients – reciprocally on 7 and20 g.

The applying micronutrient fertilizers increased resistance of sugar beet plants to invasion by cercosporosis. Score of leaves invasion by cercosporosis when foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers were made equaled 2,2-2,3 points that in comparing with control without micronutrient fertilizers was less on 15-19%.

Application of different forms of micronutrient fertilizers was not impacted on the development of disease. For investigation years (2011-2013) the score of cercosporosis invasion has not exceeded 30-45% from maximum value, with more intensive disease development in wetter 2011 year – 3-4 points and minor invasion in 2012-2013 years – 1-3 points.

Foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers increased roots yield in comparing with on 3,3-5,4 t/ha, while the highest yield was got when it was applied for foliar application micronutrient fertilizers REAKOM-sugar beet on lysine – 47,6 t/ha, REAKOM-sugar beet on ОЕDF + ultramicronutrients – 47,8 t/ha and REAKOM-RLK-sugar beet on ОЕDF-2-aminoethanol + ultramicronutrients – 47,8 t/ha.

Foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers contributed to great increase of sugar content in roots of sugar beet plants. An average of three years investigations the content of sugar in the roots of hybrid Ukrainskyi ЧС-72 increased in comparing to control without micronutrient fertilizers on 0,1-0,8%.

The most efficient in increase of sugar content in the roots were determined foliar application of micronutrient fertilizer REAKOM-sugar beet on ОЕDF + ultramicronutrients – 16,8% that in comparing to other micronutrient fertilizers were higher on 0,2-0,7%.

High sugar content in the roots provided application of micronutrient fertilizers REAKOM-sugar beet on lysine, REAKOM-RLK-sugar beet on ОЕDF-2-aminoethanol and REAKOM-RLK-sugar beet on ОЕDF-2-aminoethanol + ultramicronutrients. In the pointed variants sugar content in the roots equaled 16,6% that was higher in comparing to control without micronutrient fertilizers on 0,6%.

The highest sugar harvest was received when applied for foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers REAKOM-sugar beet on ОЕDF + ultramicronutrients – 8,0 t/ha, increase to control without micronutrient fertilizers – 1,3 t/ha. It was found efficient an applying for foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers REAKOM-sugar beet on lysine and REAKOM-RLK-sugar beet on ОЕDF-2-aminoethanol + ultramicronutrients. Sugar harvest in the pointed variants equaled reciprocally 7,8 and 7,9 t/ha.

Conclusions.

1. Applying micronutrient fertilizers for foliar application of sugar beet plants in the phase of clamping leaves between the rows in dose 4 l/ha activated physiology processes in the plants, increased weight of one-plant root at the end of vegetation period on 42-64 g, leaves – on 44-78 g/plant; decreased score of leaves invesion by cercosporosis in comparing with control without micronutrient fertilizers on 15-19 %.

         2. Maximum productivity of sugar beet hybrid Ukrainskyi ЧС-72 was got when applied for foliar application of micronutrient fertilizer REAKOM-sugar beet on ОЕDF + ultramicronutrients in dose 4 l/ha: root yield – 47,8 t/ha, sugar content – 16,8 %, sugar harvest – 8,0 t/ha.

3. The foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers “REAKOM” creates prospective for further  sugar beet productivity: roots yield increased – on 3,3-5,4 t/ha, sugar content – on 0,1-0,8 %, sugar harvest – on 0,9-1,3 t/ha.