PHOTOSYNTETICAL PRODUCTIVITY OF BLUE LUPINE CROPS DEPENDING ON AGROTECHNOLOGICAL MEASURES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2016.05.011Keywords:
blue lupine, leaves surface, dry matter, net photosyntetical productivity, fertilizing, sowing method and sowing seeds rates, plant growth stimulating preparativeAbstract
Lupine is a valuable legume-grain crop which is simultaneously a source of balanced ecologically safe protein and promotes conservation and renewal of soil fertility. The crop’s acreages in Ukraine are mainly occupied by yellow and white lupines which are unstable to anthracnose disease. Another limitation factor of lupine acreage expanding is insufficient quantity of seeds.
The newly bred high-productive varieties of blue lupine supposed as stable for anthracnose but they need an improved technology of growing which considers the crop’s biological characteristics.
High level of crop’s productivity can beobtained in terms of the process of intensive formation of optimal leaves’acreage, which will be saved in active state for a long time and will be giving accumulated compounds for reproductive organs at the end of vegetation period.
The index which characterizes intensity of leaves’ apparatus work at dry matter accumulation is net crop’s photosyntetical productivity. In crops this index is at complex functional dependence of assimilating surface acreage, stage of growth and development of plants and level of optimization of growing conditions in agrocenoses.
Aim of the study – estimation of features of leaves surface formation by plants, dry matter accumulation and net photosyntetical productivity of blue lupine crops depending on a variety, fertilization, sowing method, sowing rates and plant growth stimulating preparative.
Study results. The average on the research year’sindices of crop leaves surface grows during the plants growth and development and was largely considered by content of experimental variants.
The maximum leaves surface index for Olimp variety (at average 10,6 m2/m2 when wide row sowing and 9,2 m2/m2 – when standardrow sowing) was formed at application N38P48K66+N30. These indices for Pelican variety were maximum (at average 12,7 m2/m2 in wide row and 12,3 m2/m2in standardrow sowing) at application N68P48K66.
Lupine varieties selected for our study formed the highest grain productivity at the level of leaves surface index at average limits from 8,1 up to 12,7 m2/m2.
Photosyntetical potential of crop during interphase period flowering – ripening of beans on fertilized variants increased on 3,4-15,7 % at Olimp variety and 14,1-24,8 % at Pelican variety. Application of the plant growth stimulating preparative Nano-Gro promoted increase of the index level at Olimp variety un 4,7-9,2 % and on 17,2-27,5 % at Pelican variety.
Correlative dependence of yield level from accumulated dry matter of individual plants of blue lupine of Olimp variety at wide row method of sowing was direct but weak – r=0,116. On the stages of budding, flowering and bean ripening the relation between these indices got stronger and it was proved by the coefficients (r=0,370, 0,341 and 0,609). At the standard row method of sowing the relation between those parameters was week but at branching stage had a returned feature (r=-0,160, 0,150, 0,266 and 0,033).
At Pelican variety on wide row method of sowing correlative relation of yield from the level of dry matter accumulation by individual plants wasweak except phase of flowering when the dependence was middle (r=0,302, 0,264, 0,450 and 0,307). On standard row sowing method in branching phase thedependence was strong (r=0,932), in phase of flowering – middle (r=0,411 and 0,498), in stages of budding and beans ripening – weak (r=0,180).
As analysis of regressive relations of parameters levels of net crop photosyntetical productivity from leaves surface indices and dry matter accumulation proves the varieties selected for study had different ways of processing during the vegetation period. At Olimp variety on both sowing methods the relation was middle and increased during of growth and development of plants. On wide row method of sowing the coefficient grew from R=0,412 in interphase period branching – budding up to R=0,604, and on standard row sowing method – from R=0,432 up to R=0,520.
At Pelican variety during growth and development of plants the dependence of studied parameters became weak on both sowing methods but it carried out not simultaneously. At wide row sowing methodin interphase period branching – budding andbudding – flowering the dependence was strong (R=0,721 and 0,686), in interphase periodbudding – flowering on standard row sowing method– weak (R=0,328), in the rest ofinterphase periods it was middle.
Conclusions. Photosyntetical activity and as result productivity of blue lupine crops greatly depended from such components of growing technics as variety, fertilization, sowing method and sowing rates, and plant growth stimulating preparative too.
The highest parameters ofnet photosyntetical productivity in interphase periodflowering – beans ripening at wide row sowing method (at Olimp variety an average from 11,8 up to 13,5, at Pelican variety – 10,8-11,8 gramsper m2on day) were stated in variants where was applied calculated fertilizing rate for the planned yield and the highest grain productivityof blue lupine was formed.
The correlation and regression dependences were stated between the parameters of net photosyntetical productivity, index of leaves surface and quantity of accumulated dry matter under the impact of elements of crop growing technology.
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