FEATURES OF changes in the number and density of rodents in Mosaic agricultural landscape OF Steppe BUG REGION in 1961-2016
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2017.01.004Keywords:
Aridization of climate, natural foci of leptospirosis, rodents, anthropogenic actionAbstract
The territory of the arid steppe area in climate, landscape and social context largely determines the capacity and activity of local foci of leptospirosis.
To the main bio-climatic characteristics of the region should be included such as low humidity level, high wind activity and high level of solar radiation in a little cloudiness.
Formulated in such conditions specific bio-climatic complex generally is favorable for steppe ecosystems.
A large number of plant food and its long-term preservation after natural drying is the main condition for the existence of faunal biodiversity of steppe and savanna biomes of the world, characterized by the presence of common species of ungulates and rodents.
The high density of the latter suggests the appropriate presence of complex parasite cenotic systems, able to hold effectively the stability of ecosystems through rapid response to their biotic components of the highest order (birds and mammals). Structural - typical organization of parasitocenosis of steppe ecosystems evolutionary is coordinated with the local meteorological - climate, landscape - soil and biotic characteristics of local areas, organically combining microbial pathogens, arthropods, plants and animals.
Among the "steppe" pathogens of natural infections usually are absent micro-hydrophilics, the ecology of which provides circles of circulation with compulsory movement through the waterways, of aqueous and near-aquatic animals. Typical representatives of such obvious hydrophiles are leptospira, the places of existence of which are slowly flowing freshwater waterways within the tropics, subtropics, forest - steppe, forest and tundra zones. The conditions for the natural circulation of leptospira in the steppes, semi-deserts and deserts are unfavorable, but massive manifestations of home leptospirosis, synantropic and wild animals in the Black Sea steppes indicates the possibility of such circulation.
Accordingly, the aim of this work is to study the particularities of changes of the number and density of small rodents in mosaic agricultural landscapes of Steppe Bug region in 1961-2016.
Retrospective analysis has allowed to affirm that rather significant amount of anthropogenous exploration in the process of transformation of steppes in agricultural landscapes, stimulated a radical break-up of zonal ecosystems, change of biodiversity and disappearance of majority of aboriginal plants and animals.
The last replaced species that can survive in the fields due to constant between fixed migrations and use of seasonal feed, the richness of which ever supplied the number of various types of ungulates and rodents, leaders in the role of main consumers of green and dry vegetation.
Such biocenosis transformation occurred against the background of climate aridity and anthropogenous action.
Features of enzootic functioning of foci in the landscape - distinguishable areas are of key importance in the epidemiological assessment of the territory, which requires detailed knowledge of the environmental, biocenotic and landscape-geographical specifics of circulating of leptospirosis pathogen.
The obtained results of serological control of rodents, insectivores and reporting data of SES laboratories about the results of analytical studies, axiomatically allowed to assert that a key role is kept for agricultural and socio-economic factors, the effect of which covers the entire research area and changes space, species and etiological structure of natural foci of leptospirosis.
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