POTENTIAL YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT AND NARROW-LEAVES LUPINE IN JOINT CROPS GROWING

Abstract

When growing lupine, particularly narrow-leaves, one of the problems is a lack of competitiveness due to the weeds contamination of crops and the lack of sufficient protection measures from weeds. Sealing lupine crop with cereal component (addition scheme) enables niche gramineous weeds fill component, which leads to suppression weeds by phytocenosis and provides a grain crop protection without chemicals. Productivity of the cenosis due to compensatory mechanisms is stable from year to year and may exceed the level of yield components in single-species crops.

The purpose of research - to determine the potential yield of the joint planting narrow-leaves lupine and spring wheat and their individual components in stages of organogenesis on different variants of fertilizing and establish the degree of implementation of it in the actual yield of agrocenosis.

Terms and method of research. Study on the effect of fertilizer on the formation of the potential yield and its implementation in the economic productivity of individual components of the mixture, and the whole agrophytocenosis carried out in the research field of the department of intensive adaptive technologies of legumes, groats and oilseeds of NSC "Institute of Agriculture of NAAS" for 2007-2009 years. Soil of the plot - gray forest loamy large dusty on loess loam. The soil has a low supply of content hydrolyzed nitrogen, increased - mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, had a middle degree of acidity.

Sowing was carried out in the usual stitch method for components: spring wheat seed to a depth of 4-5 cm, and then cross - blue lupine to a depth of 3-4 cm. Sowing rates seeds of blue lupine variety Brianskii 1121 amounted to 1,2 million units/ha, spring wheat variety Rannia 93 – 3,5 million units/ha. For control single-species crops with the norms of seeding, respectively 1,2 and 3,5 million pcs./ha were taken. The experimental schema included variants of fertilizing: without fertilizer (control), P₄₅K₉₀, N₃₀P₄₅K₄₅ and N₆₀P₉₀K₉₀.

For morphophysiological analysis at V, VI, IX, XI and XII stages of organogenesis on F.M. Kuperman spring wheat plant was sampled, which was determined by the number of plants per unit area, stalks, ears, flowers (seeds) per ear, and narrow-leaves lupine - the number of beans per plant and grains in them, the mass of 1000 grains.

On average, during the years of study at the first selection of spring wheat samples was in the VI stage of organogenesis, narrow-leaves lupine - at IX, the second selection - wheat at the IX stage, lupine - on the X, in the third selection - spring wheat and narrow-leaves lupine were at the XI stage, in the fourth - at the XII stage of organogenesis.

Analysis of the total potential yield of agrocenosis at joint seeding at key stages of organogenesis showed that at the IX stage of organogenesis narrow-leaves lupine, its value amounted to 28,79 t/ha in the control (without fertilizer) and significantly higher than its level in the single-species crops. The application of fertilizers contributed to the increase in the value of the potential yield of 6,5 % when making N30P45K45 to 14 % when N₆₀P₉₀K₉₀. On the X stage organogenesis we observed a similar pattern in the extent of the potential crop sowing sharing from the application of fertilizers.

The size of the total realization of the potential harvest of agrocenosis (at the IX stage of organogenesis of narrow-leaves lupine and VI - spring wheat) accounted for 14 % when application of P₄₅K₉₀. When making N₃₀P₄₅K₄₅ this value was 10,9 %, with an increase in the dose of fertilizer to N₆₀P₉₀K₉₀ realization of the potential yield was increased to 12,7 %, while without fertilizer application, this value was 13,9 %. The value of the implementation on the X stage of organogenesis had a similar pattern, and ranged from 27,8 to 19,4 % and 20,9 %, respectively, against 24,2 % for the control variant. The highest degree of realization of the potential of crop sowing in the actual joint was subject to application of P₄₅K₉₀.

According to the research it was found that from VI to XII organogenesis stage (pre-harvest) for spring wheat its share when cultivating together with narrow-leaves lupine without fertilizers tended to decrease, from 52,2 % to 51,0 %, and narrow-leaves lupine - respectively to increase.

Application of P₄₅K₉₀ in joint crops led to a slight increase in the proportion of spring wheat with 52,0 % at the VI stage to 58,0 % in actual yields. When making N₃₀P₄₅K₄₅ proportion of spring wheat in the potential and actual yield increased from 57,3 % to 64,8 % respectively. Increasing the dose of fertilizer in two times led to an increase in the proportion of spring wheat from 56,9 % at the VI stage of organogenesis up to 71,2 % in the actual harvest and a share of narrow-leaves lupine, respectively, decreased from 43,1 % to 28,8 %, compared with 49 % in control.

Conclusions and prospects. A promising area of growing crops is a seal leguminous cereal component of the scheme, adding that due to compensatory mechanisms is given opportunity to receive productivity, stable from year to year. When growing narrow-leaves lupine of variety Brianskii 1121 and spring wheat of variety Rannia 93 with seeding rate  components of seeds, respectively 1,2 and 3,5 million units/ha maximum yield of agrocenosis – 4,51 t/ha was received when making P₄₅K₉₀. The share of spring wheat in the actual yield in this variant was 58,0 %.