CONTROLLING WEEDS MECHANICALLY IN AGROPHYTOCENOSES MISCANTHUS HUGE

Abstract

To implement the protection of giant miscanthus crops (roots planted rows the aisle width of 70 cm.) Of weeds under the scheme provided for studies of soil systems successive rows runtobrobnymy tools: cultivator tine, tines, carrying ladders cutting weeds at the surface of the soil by hand . Cultivation between rows sequentially performed three times at intervals of 15 days. The first cultivation was performed at the beginning of the second decade of May, when the stairs most weed species formed from cotyledon to 4 leaf and had a height of 1 to 5cm. The need for consistent cultivation system was identified specific dynamics of the mass of shoots of weeds in the first half of the growing season. The value of the line protection zones was established with the specific plant biology and culture amounted to 12 cm on each side of the axis line. The total width of the buffer zone lines was 24cm or 17% of the field.

Pass cultivators paws (mounted cultivator KRN-4.2) in rows (depth of 6-8sm paws.) Provided an intense movement of soil particles and mixing. Mechanical action sagittal legs carried partial cutting, partial tearing of young plants weeds between rows. Counts of the protective action as a result of row crops kultyvatsiy giant miscanthus (census conducted before the weeds of cultivation and row after last pass) found screeching performance of the crop intake. Reducing the number of weeds in the light of new stairs for a period of kultyvatsiy averaged over the years of research 79.5%. Among the types of weeds that were present at the landings culture, the highest level of decline was recorded: Field violet plants - 88% cleaver 87% -85% Talabani field, Amaranthus retroflexus - 85% -83% white quinoa , field mustard - Sinapis arvensis L.- 82%, and other species.

The use of row crop kultyvatsiy of giant miscanthus in addition to significant advantages in the protection of herring landings showed some negative qualities. Pass the cultivator legs, especially during the last execution cultivation, resulting in partial damage to plant new adventitious roots culture. Such injuries are generally not critical for the survival of young plants culture, but they have induced a certain depth unwanted dis-stress, manifested in the delayed process of growth and development of the aerial parts compared with crops where such cultivation is not performed. For a complete rehabilitation of the plants from damage had from 6-7 to 12-14 days vegetation. Another negative effect on performance kultyvatsiy row crop miscanthus giant under natural moisturizing topsoil was to promote the emergence of a new wave of germination of weeds as a result brings to the surface the deeper layers of soil with seeds. If after two consecutive first row kultyvatsiy new shoots of weeds fall under the following mechanical cultivation topsoil and destroyed, the later of stairs (after the third inter-row cultivation) had successfully vehetuvaty by the end of the warm season.

In the first year of vegetation plantings giant miscanthus (in areas option 3) protection from weeds performed using hinged mesh harrows (hryadili flexible mesh is nabornymy harrows and can generate pre considering planting row spacing). As is known, flexible composite elements of hryadili mesh harrows allow more fully replicate micro-surface fields and cultivating elements very efficiently loosen, move and combing soil particles with a minimum of vertical mixing. Tines are most effective on plants from weeds phase of sprouts to form 4 layers. Plants that emerged from the juvenile stages of ontogeny in imaturnyy acquire substantial resistance to ґruntobrobnyh elements mesh harrows.

Average efficiency action after three consecutive rows harrowing tines consistently high. Reducing the number of weeds on years of research reached an average of 81.5%., Or showed no trend cultivator excess of 2.0%. The most susceptible to the effects ґruntobrobnyh elements mesh harrows proved stairs between rows: Amaranthus retroflexus (normal), reducing their number was 89%, Gorchakov berezkopodibnoho - 89% -88% of field violet, white quinoa - 87% Talabani field - 86% Persicaria maculosa - 85%, and others.

The use of mechanical protection of giant miscanthus planting the first year of growth of weeds without moving soil particles the surface layer was performed by hand-cutting of the aerial parts of wild vegetation manually stairs (unfortunately, the domestic engineering industry has not mastered the production of relevant machines). Cutting germination of weeds performed at the same time as performing other mechanical cultivation between the rows. As a result of three consecutive zrizuvan weed plants in phases 2 - 4 layers total reduction in their numbers during the research reached 86.1%. Among the mechanical protection of crops from weeds consecutive zrizuvan system (and possibly zryvan) without mixing of the surface layer of soil and stimulate the emergence of new stairs proved most effective.

Conducting soil systems successive rows of giant miscanthus planting ensures protection from weeds for a long period (from May until the first decade of the second decade of June). In the next growing season enough to land remained undeveloped culture plants available ecological niches are occupied by new shoots of weeds. The intensity of new germination of weeds between rows by years of research varied greatly and depended primarily on the presence of moisture in the upper soil layer and intensity of mixing topsoil during the previous row of cultivation.

The disadvantage of mechanical protection of crops from weeds miskatusu giant is the impossibility of controlling unwanted germination in the zone lines. Selected for research width of the buffer zone in practice can not be reduced because of the danger of real damage to young plants culture. Stairs weed protection zone lines, representing about 17% of the landings are virtually uncontrollable. In the east of weeds, especially annual spring species: white quinoa, amaranth curved (of course), millet cock, mouse bluish, berezkopodibnoho Gorchakov and others at the juvenile stage of their ontogeny plants begin to show effect - neighbors, especially the giant miscanthus . Even at the beginning of the first year of growth after planting roots crops such plants have several advantages over plants annual weed species. The processes of plant growth and development giant miscanthus, a multi-species based on the presence of vegetation at the start of significant stocks of plastic materials, systems buds on perennial roots that are able to grow rapidly and to develop adventitious roots, stalks and leaves powerful. Such plants quickly and reliably master living space was available free and fill ecological niches, especially right before me, that in the protection zone lines. Stairs previously mentioned typical annual weed different species are capable of intense growth and development, but to compete on factors of life forms with long herbaceous plants it is difficult. At the beginning of the growing season weed juvenile plants do not have significant stocks of plastic materials (seed endosperm reserves used for forming the first primary roots and leaves), because growth processes in the juvenile stages of ontogeny and imaturnomu they are inferior in intensity perennial plants. Accordingly, even young plants culture, developing and planted roots are strong competitors annual weed species in the protection zone lines.