VARIABILITY AND GENETIC NATURE OF GRAIN MASS PER PLANT IN WINTER BARLEY IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2018.01.019Keywords:
ячмінь озимий, сорти, гібриди, маса зерна з рослини, діалельний аналіз, комбінаційна здатність, параметри генетичної варіаціїAbstract
Ukrainian and foreign researchers published ambiguous data about genetic control of grain mass per plant in barley. In addition, currently available domestic literary sources relate exclusively to spring barley. There are no publications about evaluation of winter barley by parameters of genetic variation and combining ability inUkraineas a whole and in the Forest-Steppe in particular.
The purpose of the research is to reveal plant breeding and genetic characteristics of winter six-row barley varieties under conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine by grain mass per plant and to identify effective sources to be used in crosses.
Materials and methods of the research. The research was carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS in 2012/13 – 2014/15. Winter six-row barley varieties Paladin Myronivskyi, Zherar, Selena star, Strimkyi, Cartel, Existenz, Cinderella as well as F1
derived from crossing them with complete diallel scheme (7 x 7) were the research object. Analysis of variance, combining ability and genetic parameters were calculated in accordance to conventional methods (B.A. Dospekhov, 1985; M.A. Fedin et al., 1980).
Research results and their discussion. The years of the research varied in weather conditions: from drought in spring-summer period of 2012/13 to storm rains with squalls which provoked a strong degree of barley lodging in 2013/14. At the same time, amount of precipitation in winter period of vegetation years mentioned was diametrically opposite – their significant predominance was observed in 2012/13. As compared to the two previous years 2014/15 was more favorable. However, in this year lodging of non-resistant genotypes was noticed. In addition, 2013/14 and 2014/15 were characterized with significant leaf disease progress (powdery mildew, leaf rust and leaf spots).
The highest grain mass per plant was noted in 2014/15: 13.40 gwas mean value for varieties and 15.37 gfor hybrids. The lowest level of manifestation of the trait was in 2012/13: 6.20 gfor varieties and 7.36 gfor hybrids. Maximum grain mass per plant on average for three years was in the variety Cartel (13.26 g) and its F1 (14.30 g). Minimum grain mass per plant was marked in the variety Zherar6.19 g and its hybrids9.09 g.
The varieties Cartel (gi = 1.96–4.47) and Paladin Myronivskyi (gi = 0.56–1.52) were characterized by significantly high effects of general combining ability (GCA) by grain mass per plant. The variety Existens has high values of the GCA effects in 2013/14–2014/15 (gi = 1.56–1.74), and in 2012/13 they were reliably not distinguishable from zero (gi = 0.08). The variety Cinderella has unreliable negative values of the GCA effects in 2012/13 (gi = -0.27), reliable (at 5% significance level) positive effects in 2013/14 (gi = 0.37) and reliable (at 1 and 5% significance levels) positive effects in 2014/15 (gi = 0.91). The variety Strimkyi was characterized by negative effects of GCA in all years (gi = -0.12–-1.00), but only in 2013/14 they were reliable. The varieties Zherar and Selena Star had negative effects of GCA in all years, gi = -1,78–-3,59 and gi = -1,39–-2,85 respectively.
In the most cases the GCA variance was predominated over the specific combination ability (SCA) variance.
Regression coefficient (b) showed presence of epistasis in 2012/13 with b = 0.56. In 2013/14–2014/15, regression coefficients were b = 0.88 and b = 0.84 respectively. On the Heyman’s graphs the variety Cartel was in the dominant zone in all the years. For the other genotypes there was noted significant "shift" in location of the varieties in relation to the regression line depending on conditions of years.
Parameters of genetic variation has shown a predominance of intra-locus overdominance in genetic control of the trait in 2012/13 ( = 1.34) and 2013/14 ( = 1.35), but partial dominance in 2014/15 ( = 0.82). The parameter F1-P indicates the dominance in the direction of increasing the trait. At the same time, the correlation coefficient between the value of the trait and the sum of covariance and variation (r [(Wr + Vr)i; xi]) although in all years was negative, however, only in 2014/15 had a significant value (r = -0.85 ± 0.24). This indicates a directed dominance of an increase in the trait, due to dominant alleles (effects). In 2013/14, this parameter was significantly lower (r = -0.59 ± 0.36), and in 2012/13 it was generally unreliable (r = -0.24 ± 0.43). In the last case, there is no directional dominance. It should also be noted that there is a strong asymmetry between dominant and recessive alleles (H2 / 4H1 = 0.17 – 0.20).
Conclusions. For the first time in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, breeding and genetic peculiarities of winter barley genotypes by grain mass per plant were revealed. Significant variability of grain mass per plant depending on the conditions of the year of research, both in paternal components and in hybrid combinations has been established. In the genetic control of the mass of grain from the plant, intra-locus overdominance was observed in 2012/13–2013/14 and partial dominance in 2014/15. Between the loci, strong epistasis was detected in 2012/13. The variability of the dominance direction was established: from the reliably directed to increase trait in 2014/15 to non-direction in 2012/13.
The varieties Cartel and Paladin Myronivskyi have been identified as sources of increased general combining ability for grain mass per plant. These varieties have high value in combinative breeding for increase of the trait.
VARIABILITY AND GENETIC NATURE OF GRAIN MASS PER PLANT IN WINTER BARLEY IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE
V. M. Hudzenko
Ukrainian and foreign researchers published ambiguous data about genetic control of grain mass per plant in barley. In addition, currently available domestic literary sources relate exclusively to spring barley. There are no publications about evaluation of winter barley by parameters of genetic variation and combining ability inUkraineas a whole and in the Forest-Steppe in particular.
The purpose of the research is to reveal plant breeding and genetic characteristics of winter six-row barley varieties under conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine by grain mass per plant and to identify effective sources to be used in crosses.
Materials and methods of the research. The research was carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS in 2012/13 – 2014/15. Winter six-row barley varieties Paladin Myronivskyi, Zherar, Selena star, Strimkyi, Cartel, Existenz, Cinderella as well as F
1
derived from crossing them with complete diallel scheme (7 x 7) were the research object. Analysis of variance, combining ability and genetic parameters were calculated in accordance to conventional methods (B.A. Dospekhov, 1985; M.A. Fedin et al., 1980).
Research results and their discussion. The years of the research varied in weather conditions: from drought in spring-summer period of 2012/13 to storm rains with squalls which provoked a strong degree of barley lodging in 2013/14. At the same time, amount of precipitation in winter period of vegetation years mentioned was diametrically opposite – their significant predominance was observed in 2012/13. As compared to the two previous years 2014/15 was more favorable. However, in this year lodging of non-resistant genotypes was noticed. In addition, 2013/14 and 2014/15 were characterized with significant leaf disease progress (powdery mildew, leaf rust and leaf spots).
The highest grain mass per plant was noted in 2014/15: 13.40 gwas mean value for varieties and 15.37 gfor hybrids. The lowest level of manifestation of the trait was in 2012/13: 6.20 gfor varieties and 7.36 gfor hybrids. Maximum grain mass per plant on average for three years was in the variety Cartel (13.26 g) and its F1 (14.30 g). Minimum grain mass per plant was marked in the variety Zherar6.19 g and its hybrids9.09 g.
The varieties Cartel (gi = 1.96–4.47) and Paladin Myronivskyi (gi = 0.56–1.52) were characterized by significantly high effects of general combining ability (GCA) by grain mass per plant. The variety Existens has high values of the GCA effects in 2013/14–2014/15 (gi = 1.56–1.74), and in 2012/13 they were reliably not distinguishable from zero (gi = 0.08). The variety Cinderella has unreliable negative values of the GCA effects in 2012/13 (gi = -0.27), reliable (at 5% significance level) positive effects in 2013/14 (gi = 0.37) and reliable (at 1 and 5% significance levels) positive effects in 2014/15 (gi = 0.91). The variety Strimkyi was characterized by negative effects of GCA in all years (gi = -0.12–-1.00), but only in 2013/14 they were reliable. The varieties Zherar and Selena Star had negative effects of GCA in all years, gi = -1,78–-3,59 and gi = -1,39–-2,85 respectively.
In the most cases the GCA variance was predominated over the specific combination ability (SCA) variance.
Regression coefficient (b) showed presence of epistasis in 2012/13 with b = 0.56. In 2013/14–2014/15, regression coefficients were b = 0.88 and b = 0.84 respectively. On the Heyman’s graphs the variety Cartel was in the dominant zone in all the years. For the other genotypes there was noted significant "shift" in location of the varieties in relation to the regression line depending on conditions of years.
Parameters of genetic variation has shown a predominance of intra-locus overdominance in genetic control of the trait in 2012/13 ( = 1.34) and 2013/14 ( = 1.35), but partial dominance in 2014/15 ( = 0.82). The parameter F1-P indicates the dominance in the direction of increasing the trait. At the same time, the correlation coefficient between the value of the trait and the sum of covariance and variation (r [(Wr + Vr)i; xi]) although in all years was negative, however, only in 2014/15 had a significant value (r = -0.85 ± 0.24). This indicates a directed dominance of an increase in the trait, due to dominant alleles (effects). In 2013/14, this parameter was significantly lower (r = -0.59 ± 0.36), and in 2012/13 it was generally unreliable (r = -0.24 ± 0.43). In the last case, there is no directional dominance. It should also be noted that there is a strong asymmetry between dominant and recessive alleles (H2 / 4H1 = 0.17 – 0.20).
Conclusions. For the first time in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, breeding and genetic peculiarities of winter barley genotypes by grain mass per plant were revealed. Significant variability of grain mass per plant depending on the conditions of the year of research, both in paternal components and in hybrid combinations has been established. In the genetic control of the mass of grain from the plant, intra-locus overdominance was observed in 2012/13–2013/14 and partial dominance in 2014/15. Between the loci, strong epistasis was detected in 2012/13. The variability of the dominance direction was established: from the reliably directed to increase trait in 2014/15 to non-direction in 2012/13.
The varieties Cartel and Paladin Myronivskyi have been identified as sources of increased general combining ability for grain mass per plant. These varieties have high value in combinative breeding for increase of the trait.
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