Dynamics of the carbonates and nitrogen content following the technogenic soil forming process in Nikopol manganese ore basin

Abstract

The modern theory of the biosphere is largely empirical generalization Vernadsky, according to which ideas biosphere includes not only the region, but has also other structures of the Earth, which are genetically related to living matter. If the biosphere is the global biotope, the global biocoenosis is heomerida. Heomerida is also seen as the only body of the Earth. Some general ideas in the field of philosophy of biology early twentieth century are particularly important at a time when global climate change causing synchronized changes in living systems different hierarchical levels. In the scientific and technical progress soil and biosphere as a whole to become self-regulating systems into systems that operate under the pervasive influence of anthropogenic factors. Especially big negative impact on the environment and, above all, on land, caused by mining. In areas with a high concentration of mining industry is a violation of natural landscapes and large areas formed industrial dumps that do not fertile soil. Mining, especially open way, led to the formation of large areas of disturbed land. The concept of the noosphere Academician Vernadsky is appeared in connection with the assessment of the role of man in the evolution of the biosphere and understanding the interaction between nature and society, according to which a rational human activity is the main determining factor in development. Human activity has caused much damage to the environment as one of the major problems of ecology - the study of regulatory processes in the biosphere and create the foundations of rational use of natural resources. Highly modern science and technology brought to the fore and new knowledge. Mining and open pit leads to the complete destruction of the soil - the basis biogeocoenose and destroys phyto, zoo and mikrobotsenotychnyy blocks biogeocoenose. To develop the most effective and efficient methods of reclamation of great importance to study the processes of natural evolution - restoration of vegetation and animal population as informative components biogeocoenose. The human impact on the ground is reflected in its technogenic destruction due to mining operations open way. This completely destroyed soil cover, cultural and natural vegetation, and in their place comes "moonscape" - dumps, often with toxic species, leading to environmental pollution, ie air, water, soil and vegetation weathering products of underlying rocks. There pollination of water and air, bringing in technological processes landshaftoutvorennya environmentally not peculiar, and often harmful biological geochemical elements that are brought to the surface in an amount that far exceeds their content in the normal cycle. Established that the affected areas adversely affecting the area about 10 times the area of  direct infringement. Also open development causing significant changes in hydrological regime of the territory.

The main objective of remediation is to bring the disturbed land to a state suitable for use in agriculture, forestry, fisheries, industrial and public works, the creation of greenhouses and recreational areas, that is intended. Reclamation also has social significance - the education of careful attitude to natural resources. The main purpose of reclamation is the reproduction performance affected areas and return them to use that involves a complex engineering, mining, reclamation, agricultural and forestry work. Complex operations include measures to improve the environment, eliminating negative factors - pollution of soils, groundwater, transformation of degraded landforms and others.

The field studies were conducted during the 2008-2017 biennium. Bioecological research station in the Dnieper agro-economic University (Pokrov city, Dnepropetrovsk region, Ukraine). Polygons incorporated within tehnosols four types: pedozem, sod-lithogenic soils on losses-like loam, gray-green clay and red-brown clay. The paper presents evidence that the accumulation processes of the carbonates by tehnosols are directly related to the immobilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide as the reverse mechanism of the phenomena of the greenhouse effect, that should be considered as an important ecosystem service of the anthropogenic soils. This ecosystem service is the young man-made soil performs a significant function as a positive factor in countering the greenhouse effect and global climate change. It is shown that following the technogenic soil forming process content of digestible nitrogen in tehnosols demonstrates the dynamics of increase with a tendency to achieve a steady state. Factor of the substrate is very important for the future identification of potential fertility tehnosols. In this context, the best prospects are loess and red-brown clay, even compared with the pedozems.