Agrobiological potential and origin of variety of winter triticale strateg

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2019.02.012

Keywords:

winter triticale, spelt wheat, variety, hybridization, selection, control variety testing

Abstract

The main obstacles which hindering wide spread of triticale in agricultural production are low grain quality and baking quality characteristics. Breeding improvement of these indicators is complicated by the absence of a natural center of origin, where it would be possible to draw initial material for breeding improvement of the culture. Creation of varieties which combining high yield with genetic resistance to limiting factors of the environment and excellent grain quality – is the actual direction of triticale breeding. The aim of the research was to create high-productivity triticale materials with use in the breeding process of spelt wheat.

Materials and methods. The research was conducted during 2006–2015 under the conditions of the Uman NUH. As initial material were used varieties of winter triticale Rosivska 6, Alcid and a sample of spelt wheat from the foothills of the Carpathians. Hybridization was carried out by castration (removal of pollen) of mother flowers and forced pollination by pollen of their parental form. Hybrid offspring F2-5 were analyzed for the manifestation of morphological characteristics and economic-valuable traits such as plant height, spike length and colour, ear density, grain threshing out from the ear, 1000 grains mass, gluten content, protein content and so on. Control testing were carried out during 2012–2015. A systematic method of plot placement was used for control variety testing. The accounting area of the site was 10 m2. State scientific and technical expertise were carried out during 2015–2018 in 17 State centers of plant varieties expertise in different regions of Ukraine.

Research results. The variety Strateg was created by the method of remote hybridization of threespecies forms of triticale and spelt wheat, with followed individual selections in F2-4 and repeated improvement selections in F5-6 based on productivity and grain quality. Genotype of new variety include genetic material from breeding institute situated in different ecological and geographical zones of Ukraine, such as Rosivska research station Institute of grain drops NAAS and Allukrainian scientific institute of breeding.

Hybrid progenies were characterized by wide form-creation process. It was observed splitting on such traits as plant height, presence or absence of awns, morphological structure of ear and so on. With using of individual selection were selected best samples which analyzed in breeding seedbed on economic-valuable traits. At the same time, the typical ears were selected and the nurseries of testing of 1st and 2nd years generations were created for primary seed production. After hard retirement of families, were selected seven samples with high qualitative characteristics. After approbation of materials, only two lines were selected, which were analyzed in a control variety testing. Thus, the line 455 (a/l) was selected.

In the research process, it was found that the average yield of the sample 455 (a/l) during the control testing period (2012–2015) in the conditions of the Uman NUH was 4,96 t/ha that significantly not inferior to average group standart. The sample successfully combines high yields with high grain quality indices (gluten content 29,8 %, protein — 13,0 %, grain yield — 685 g/l). Mass of 1000 grains – 48,3 g. In the result of control testing sample 455(a/l) was transferred to State scientific and technical expertise.

Testing of the variety took place during 2015–2018 in 17 regions of Ukraine. During this period, the yield capacity of the variety Strateg in the Polissya area amounted to 5,03 t/ha on average. Variety characterized by high grain quality traits. Protein content – 14,0 %. Variety has complex high resistance (8,5–9,0 points) to unsuitable environment factors.

In Forrest-steppe area variety had yield capacity 5,13 t/ha which is lower than the same parameter in Polissia area (5,59 t/ha). But variety had high protein content (14,3 %) and average plant height 109 cm comparatively with the same parameter in Polissia region (140,3 cm) that had positive influence to resistance against lodging (8,6 points).

According to the results of the State Scientific and Technical Expertise, Strateg is listed in the State Register of Plant Varieties, suitable for distribution in Ukraine in 2018, and recommended for cultivation in the Polissia and Forest-Steppe zones.

Conclusions. By remote hybridization of threespecies triticale and spelt wheat variety of winter triticale Strateg was created which is listed in the State Register of Plant Varieties, suitable for distribution in Ukraine from 2018. The variety is characterized by high protein content (14.0–14,3 %), gluten (29,8 %) and yields more than 5,0 t/ha.

References

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Published

2019-04-26

Issue

Section

Agronomy