The comparative evaluation of competitiveness of spring barley for grain growing technologies under conditions of Right-Bank Forest Steppe
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2019.02.016Keywords:
spring barley, mineral fertilizers, morpho-regulators, yield, energy efficiency coefficient, energy estimation coefficient, integral estimation coefficient, coefficient of complex evaluation for competitivenessAbstract
Modern agricultural production is characterized by the application of various technologies, which are developed as domestic science, as well as foreign firms and complexes of machines and technical means for their implementation.
Domestic production is characterized mainly by the use of energy-intensive technologies, insufficient loading of technical equipment, inadequate level of skills of workers, which is the basis for higher specific fuel consumption for advanced technological processes and, consequently, high production costs. This does not allow to many agribusinesses to ensure the competitiveness of products.
Existing technologies for agricultural production require reconsideration of them with subsequent replacement or improvement due to significant energy and resource costs, insufficient level of implementation of genetic potential of varieties. For example, in Ukraine, spent 1 kg of conventional fuel produce an internal gross product worth around $ 0.5. Then, as in Japan, this figure is more than 18.6 times, in Germany - 11.4 times, in France - 10.8 times.
In this regard, the aim of our research was to develop an energy-saving technology for growing spring barley on the basis of improved fertilization and the use of growth regulators of antihyberellin action plants.
The research was conducted during 2009-2011 at the Podillya Institute of Forage and Agriculture of the NAAS. The soils are grey forest medium loamy. The effect and interaction of three factors were studied in the experiment: A - variety; B - regulators of plant growth; С - fertilizer doses. Grading of factors was 2х3х5. Factors were placed systematically in two tiers. Repeatability of the experiment is fourfold. The area of the registration area is 25 m2.
The main fertilization was done by mineral fertilizers in the dose N45-90P45K45. It was sown medium maturity and intensive varieties of spring barley Vinnytskyi 28 and Nabat. The growth regulation substances: Terpal (mepicvat-chloride (305 g/l) + etefon (155 g/l)) in the rate 2.0 l/ha (the rate of working solution 200 l/ha) and Binom (chloromethacchloride, 305 g/l + Ethophone, 155 g/l) in the rate 2.0 l ha (the rate of working solution 200 l/ha) were applied during the spring barley vegetation (the end of the tillering – the beginning of steam elongation) on the experiment variants, according to the research scheme.
The complex estimation of competitiveness of developed energy-saving spring barley growing technologies was conducted with using the method proposed by Harkavyi A. D., Petrychenko V. F. and Spirin A. V. The complex coefficient of existing technology competitiveness was adopted to 1. If in new or improved technology it's ≥ 1, so it's competitive.
After substantiating the basic (existing) and the choice of advanced (new) technology, the products are evaluated for competitiveness. An assessment of the competitiveness of the cultivation technology is the coefficient of complex assessment (К зд н-б) on competitiveness that takes into account the following aspects of technology: energy (energy efficiency ratio, energy efficiency (Kет)) and economic (coefficient of integral estimation (J)).
In addition, by conducting a comprehensive assessment of energy-saving technologies for competitiveness, we identified the possible directions for the development of technologies for growing spring barley. In relation to the existing technology, the new technology may have the following directions of development: intense, extensively intensive, and intensive-extensive.
It is established that optimization of spring barley growing technology on the basis of balanced fertilizer system, namely the introduction of nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of N90 on the phosphoric-potassium background P45K45 and the use of plant growth regulators (Binom or Terpel) provides for the implementation of the genetic potential of Nabat and Vinnytskyi 28 varieties by 60-70%, the grain yield level of 6.39-5.78 t / ha, protein content by 13.8-13.9%, and consequently, the coefficient of integrated assessment for competitiveness is 1.09-1.04 and the extensive-intensive development direction. The obtained indicators make it possible to state that the cultivated technologies that were investigated are competitive with the corresponding quality of the products obtained, which is very important when using barley grains for feed purposes.References
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