Changes of the non-specific lamb of immunity in the organism of the ducks of the pekin breed in the postnatal period of ontogenesis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2019.02.020Keywords:
non-specific resistance, thymus, bursa, spleen, ducks, ontogenesisAbstract
The modern approach to the disclosure of the pathophysiological mechanisms of adaptation of the body of ducks to the changing conditions of life requires a thorough study of functional changes on the cellular, organ and systemic levels. It is important to find out the pathophysiological aspects of the immunological adaptation of the duck organism in the critical periods of ontogenesis. The experiment was conducted under the conditions of the State Enterprise DH "Myklashyv" Miklashiv Pustomyty District, Lviv Region, Ukraine on clinically healthy young ducks of the Peckin breed of egg production line. The keeping of the bird corresponded to the generally accepted technological requirements of combined rearing on fattening sites and in camps (voluntary restraint with free access to drinking water and feeders). All bird received standard feed, balanced by nutrients and biologically active substances, which is recommended for this age according to the technology of retention. In order to achieve the goal, 5 ducts in each age period were selected at 2, 14, 21, 45, 90, 150, 240- day age. After light, tertiary anesthesia, a slaughter of poultry was performed by acute bleeding and blood, thymus, Fabricius bursa and spleen were selected for research.
It was established that from 2 to 21 days of life of ducklings indicators of bactericidal, lysozyme and phagocytic activity of the blood serum are characterized by stable numerical values; from 21 to 45 days of life, an increase in the value of phagocytic activity was observed on 20,6% (p <0,05), phagocytic index by 37,8 - 69,8% (p <0,05-0,01) with a simultaneous decrease in the number of circulating immune complexes per 27.4 and 25.3% (p <0.05); from 90 to 240 days of life revealed a sharp increase in the value of bactericidal activity of the blood serum in 1.7 times (p <0,05); the values of lysozyme activity of the blood serum were 32.8% (p <0.05), the decrease in the value of phagocytic activity of the blood serum, the increase of the phagocytic index by 43.5% (p <0.05) and the number of circulating immune complexes. The pathophysiological aspects of the immunological adaptation of the duck organism in the critical periods of ontogeny are manifested by an increase in the absolute mass of the thymus, bursa, spleen on average by 20.0 times (p <0.01), 9.1 times (p <0.01), 22.7 times (p <0,01) to 240 days of life with simultaneous decrease of the index of investigated organs by 47,6%, 62,0%, 30,3% (p <0,01).
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