Features of formation of zones of soil moistening with drip irrigation of apple trees
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2019.05.005Keywords:
drip irrigation, watering duration, zones moistening, intensive-type garden, medium-loamy soil, linear dependenciesAbstract
Management of gardening by intensive type in agricultural production implies unconditional use of drip irrigation for local water supply to the area of intensive water consumption of fruit trees.
The significant cost of a drip irrigation system necessitates a constant search for ways to improve the operation of this system, ensure optimization of parameters at the stage of development and implementation of the project of its construction, as well as further exploitation by improving production, efficient of saving of irrigation water, electricity, fertilizers to pay back capital investments. Therefore, it is important at the design stage of the a drip irrigation system and in the process of her using, to establish the features and geometric parameters of the formation of soil moistening zones during irrigation.
The purpose of the research was to determine the features and parameters of formation of zones of moistening of the medium-loam soil for drip irrigation of apple trees on the rootstock M-9. Experimental study to determine geometric parameters of the moistening zones: depths, widths at the surface and at depth, was conducted at the same pre-irrigation humidity in all layers of medium-loam soil using the automatic Internet station of soil moisture iMetos ECO D2 (Echo Probe sensors 200 SS). The parameters were determined at the time of formation of the maximum moistening zone, due to the movement of moisture into the lower soil layers. The study was conducted under production conditions in an apple orchard, which is territorially located in the village Sofiyivka, Belozersky district, Kherson region.
Over the period of experiments was calculated depth-to-width ratio (h/d), actual areas the zones moistening depending on the duration (norm) of watering. After performing the analytical processing of the experimental data, the linear dependences of the geometric parameters of moistening zones on the time (norm) of irrigation were obtained: the area, the depth of the zone, its width on the surface.
It has been confirmed that the geometric shape and dimensions of soil moistening zones for drip irrigation depend on the type of soil, its composition, with pre-irrigation humidity and volume of water supply.
In the future, it is recommended for of drip irrigation on medium-loamy soils of the dry-steppe zone of Ukraine, to use experimentally established linear dependences of moistening zone parameters.
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