Speeded breeding of varieties and hybrids of fodder beet
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2019.05.007Keywords:
adaptive technology, sowing time, sowing rate, background and area of nutrition, seedlings yield, seed yield, germination and coefficient reproduction rateAbstract
Goal. Based on the study of agroclimatic indicators, patterns of growth and development of plants during the first and second years of life to develop adaptive technology of accelerated reproduction of varieties and hybrids of fodder beet in the conditions of the Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. Field, laboratory, analytical and statistical.
Results. The studies were carried out in the SE of the Shevchenkivsky Tetievsky District of Kyiv region (2014-2016, Veselka variety), Centaur-Poly hybrid (2016-2018). The scheme of the experiment included: accelerated reproduction of varieties and hybrids of fodder beet 1) according to the usual technology (control) - cultivation of seedlings in spring sowing with the rate of seeding of basic seeds 25-30 pcs / m and row spacing of 45 cm; storage of queen bees in temporary storage and seed production on the background of feeding 30 t / ha of manure + kg / ha etc (basic) + kg / ha dd (VI stage of organogenesis) + kg / ha (VII stage of organogenesis) and a power area of 70 × 60 cm; 2) adaptive technology - cultivation of seedlings in summer (the first - the second decade of June) sowing seeds of uterine fodder beet with device for beet seeder SST-12B and row spacing of 22.5 cm and seeding rates of 15-20 pcs / m row, storage of seedlings in stationary storage facilities and containers equipped with plastic film with openings; planting seedlings on a background of feeding 50 t / ha of manure + kg / ha etc. (VII-th stage of organogenesis) in the feeding area 70×20 - 70×30 cm by planting machine with slit-forming working bodies; coinage of seeds (during mass stem formation); with additional pollination (during the mass flowering period).
On average, in 2014-2016, with the adaptive technology, field germination of seeds increased by 7%, yield of seedlings increased by 2.7 times, seed yield increased by 13%, germination - by 8%, weight of 1000 hubs - by 1.12 g. and the multiplication factor increased 1.9 times compared to conventional technology, ie, from each sowed seed, 1509 similar seeds were obtained.
Conclusions. The main factors that determine the coefficient of reproduction (CD) are the yield and quality of seeds and the yield factor of mothers, which is determined by the formula:
CD =, where:
- mass of seeds obtained from the first reproduction, b.p./ha;
- yield factor of the queen bee - the ratio of the area of sowing of the queen bee to the planting area of the seed;
- weight of sown basic seeds, b.p./ha.
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