Names pertaining to the celebration of the birth of a child in southwest patois of the Ukrainian language

Authors

  • O D Pyskach ,
  • O М Hvozdiak ,

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31548/philolog0(272).2017.012%20-%2023

Abstract

The investigation of rituals pertaining to the celebration of the birth of a child in different regions of Ukraine (Hutsul, Bukovyna, Boiky, Nadsyannya, Podillya, Zakarpattya etc.) was dealt with in the works of such dialectologists as: M. Bihusyak, V. Drobotenko, L. Homchak, Y. Rusnak, T. Tyshchenko, N. Hibeb, N.  Kovalenko, I. Nibak and ethnographers V. Borysenko, N. Havrylyuk, S. Hvozdevych, H. Lyubytska and others.

But the lack of complex linguistic analysis of the given topic on a wider dialectal material has predetermined the relevance of our research, the object of which is lexical system of the southwest patois of the Ukrainian language.

Names pertaining to the celebration of the birth of a child used on the territory of Zakarpattya and taken from the dictionaries of Hutsul, Boiky, Bukovyna, Lemky, Naddnistryanshchyna and Zakarpattya patois applying the method of complete selection served as the material for our investigation. We also added some examples from other patois of south west and Polissya regions, which were mentioned in different scientific works.

The descriptive method and its main devices (inventory and systematization of language units), contrastive-comparative method have been used in the process of investigation. In order to obtain a complete picture of meanings fixed in this or that lexeme of the investigated patois we have employed simulation, linguostatistics, sociolinguistic and ethnolinguistic aspects.

The aim of our research is lexico-semantic, word-building and aerographic analysis of the names pertaining to the celebration of the birth of a child in southwest patois of the Ukrainian language.

The ritual under study has fewer names in comparison with those referring to wedding ones. There can be distinguished such semantic groups of these words: 1) names of actions and characteristics connected with pregnancy and birth delivery; 2) participants of the ritual celebrating the birth of a child; 3) names of different objects connected with the above-mentioned ritual.

What concerns the origin of the names we should note that the majority of them were formed by means of suffixes, prefixes or both on the basis of the primitive Slavonic language. Such noun suffixes as y(a,e),-ak, -yk,-chuk, -k, -yts, yn(in) etc. display high word-building productivity in the process of nomination.

The models po+nyk, po+nyts, bez+yn, bez+-(n)yts, z(s)+ yta etc. have the highest level of productivity in prefixal-suffixal  formations.

Few derivatives are formed by substantivizing adjectives with suffixes –n-, -k-.

A small number of lexemes ( mostly the names of individuals) are borrowed from Romanian: moshi, mosha “midwife”, fiin(filyn, fin) “godson”, nanashka “godmother”, nanashko “godfather”; Polish: dzetsko “child”, bah “the youngest, last child in the family; German through Polish: benycart “bastard”, kryzhma(kryzhmo) “a present to a newborn child”.

Areographic analysis showed the existence of the parallels in the investigated vocabulary of the southwest patois. This mainly refers to such lexico-semantic groups: 1) names of actions and characteristics connected with pregnancy and birth delivery; 2) participants of the ritual celebrating the birth of a child.

As a result of our analysis we can distinguish two groups of localization of the names under investigation: 1) lexemes used in the whole southwest patois area or in the majority (of them in different phonetic variants); 2) names with narrow localization.

Besides lexical units we have also observed a lot of proposition nomens pertaining to the celebration of the birth of a child which in most cases are noun or verb two-component units.

References

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No. 272 (2017): Scientific Herald of National University of Life And Environmental Sciences of Ukraine

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