Рrinciples of the background and figures interaction in the gestalt content

Abstract

The causes of changes in the development of the word semantics through the categories of background-figure are established. An experiment that illustrates the psychological and mental nature of semantic twists is described. There are four principles on which the selection of a figure in the background is based.

Introduction. The problem of linguistic units variability, in particular words, has always attracted the attention of researchers. Gesthalt linguistic helps  to reveal the nature of the mental mechanism that causes the emergence of meaningful alomemia (variability), in particular, its manifestations, such as metaphor, metonymy, polysemy, homonymy and synonymy.

The purpose of the article is to explain the causes of changes in the development of the word semantics through  the categories of background- figure and to determine the principles on which the selection of the figure on the background. is based.

 Methods.  In this article linguistic description, method of gesthalt analyze were used.

Results. The causes of changes in the development of the word semantics through the  categories of background-figure are determined. The figure is an element of a gestalt that is understood clearly, whereas the background is an indistinct, amorphous, unstructured set of elements of a gestalt. Through the  correlations between the categories of the background and the figure, the reasons for changes in the semantics of the word are more clearly traced: the new meaning is acquired at the moment of transfer of attention, the translation of the "ray of consciousness" (I. Pavlov) from already acquired values, which, in essence, is the background of the gestalt, on a new element or a new one of its rice, which becomes a new figure. There are four principles of the interaction of the background and the figure, each of which imprints on the formation of the semantics of the word: the principle of the aftereffect of the figure and background, or the principle of constancy of perception of "pictures in the window", the principle of the influence of expectations and predictions, the principle of non-preservation of unchanging, often repetitive information, the principle of comprehension perception.

Conclusions. The public perception of a certain area of reality creates a base of figures in its gesture, and hence the base of figures in the gestalt of the linguistic sign that was correlated with it, thereby forming a depot of possible meanings and connotations, in other words, the premise of the future polysemy and synonymy.