Features of word-formation categories of Subjective evaluation

Abstract

The article analyzes the categorical approach to the study of grammatical structure, which led to a new aspect of the analysis of word-formation meanings of the evaluative component; a set of three categories is highlighted based on the syntactic principles: a non-predicative type, basic predicativity, additional predicativity; the characteristic features of the category of subjective evaluation and some potential means of its implementation are singled out.

 A categorical approach is actively used to the study grammatical structures in Ukrainian linguistics so far, which led to a new aspect of analysis of formative suffixes and prefixes as means of meanings categorization of predicative and non-predicative components of  basic syntactic structures.

Due to the division of the grammatical system into three subsystems, in particular, syntax, morphology and word formation. They have their own units and categories. This contributed to the input of a categorical syntax, a categorical morphology and a categorical derivation.

In linguistics the mechanism of formation of word-formation categories of all three types is highlighted. Word-formation categories of non-predicative type are formed in the main semantic-syntactic positions of non-predicative components, in particular, subjective, instrumental and locative.

The essence of this process is that the basic semantic elementary sentence in semantically elementary basic sentence in the initial semantic and syntactic position is divided into two components: the signifier and the signified.

Then the attributive component or one of attribute group members indicates emphasis, so that it forms the derivative root morpheme, the function of determinate component that matches the semantic and syntactic function of the appropriate syntaxeme in the sentence, embodies a suffix or a prefix or a suffix-prefix word-formation pair.

Word-formation categories of a non-predicative type are formed in the main semantic-syntactic positions of non-predicative components:  subjective, instrumental and locative.

A characteristic feature of the evaluative  category  is a ternary of its structure, which is as follows on the axiological scale: the norm is localized in the central zone and performs a role of a neutral (average) evaluation; on either side of it there are two opposite expressions of emotional evaluation  – positive and negative. Components of evaluative category are varied due to the degree of expression of the subjectivity of the evaluative meaning. It is high in positive and negative evaluative meanings as it is based on the emotional attitude of the speaker to the subject of evaluation and is insignificant in the values that convey the rational evaluation because it is based on the collective emotional and evaluative experience of the native speakers.

This is the meaning of objective increasing of realities. The degree of subjectivity of these meanings increases significantly if they are combined with positively evaluative meanings, that is, when there is a rational and emotional evaluation.

Word building categories of evaluative component are based on the syntactic principles and are a set of categories of three ranks: non-predicative type; basic predicativity; additional predicativity.

A category of a subjective evaluation is a category of word-formative type, because all kinds of its meaning realize word-formation means. The dominant of these means are noun suffixes of a modification function. A small group is adjectival evaluative suffixes and noun prefixes. A periphery of evaluative modifiers is expressed by suffixes of pronouns, numerals and verbs. A way of formation takes a special place among means of categorization.