Structural-Semantic Features Of German And English Enviromental Term System

Abstract

Today a modern linguistics has a strong interest in the formation of vocabulary, because it is constantly enriched with new lexical units in connection with globalization, the development of international contacts and so on.

Problems of word formation researched such famous linguists as M.Y.Plyusch, O.S.Kubryakova, H.O.Vynokur, Y.A.Zatsnyy and others. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, word formation takes an important role because he completely focused on communication, the transfer of knowledge about the world. O.S.Kubryakova notes derived words, unlike ordinary call not only an action, object, but also point to the relationship, their relationship to other action items. In this way it becomes possible to connect new experiences with the old, to know the unknown through the known.

The relevance the study caused by the presence of growing interest in the study of linguistic features of environmental themes and terminology of translation.

The goal of this study is to determine the main ways of creating terminology system of ecology in comparative aspect of the English, German and Ukrainian languages. The terms, as a sign of unity, can be considered in three ways: in terms of form and structural features (syntax), meaning (semantic) and the characteristics of their use (pragmatic). Term – emotionally neutral word or phrase that is used for the exact expression of concepts and names of objects. Structural features of of terms from the perspective of formal organization are quite great significance for understanding. The more complex structural model terms and operate a particular system, the more difficult is the process of decoding terminological units. Analysis of existing forms of terms can also install the most productive methods and models of their formation, which allows the prediction of further development of the system. The environmental terms represented by the following structural types: simple terms, derived terms, complex terms, terminology connections, reduction. A simple term is essential, based on unchanged and includes important meaning. Derivative term – a term which may isolate motivational base and derivational affixes. The original term contains in its composition one root and one (or more) affixed morpheme. There are three models of the formation of derivatives of terms: prefixal, suffixal, prefixes-suffixal. In affixed method of formation of terminological vocabulary to describe new objects, phenomena and concepts is used word formation.

Word formation considered as a means nomination as a means of replenishment vocabulary with new words to describe the emerging phenomena of culture and civilization or its renewal through new means of expression. Under the rules of word formation to understand the creation of linguistic units on certain models and diagrams, system methods and means of creating new words. Word created a certain amount of relationship of its components (roots, affixes) and the ratio of single words - a member of word-formation system - another word of the same system.

Today among linguists disagree about the nature of terminological expressions. Several scientists relates them to the phraseology. KJ Averbukh gives the following definition of terminological phrases, grammatical and a semantic association of two or more full-blown words that are used to name specific professional concept

The main properties terminological expressions are semantic integrity and stability. The German environmental terminology abbreviations distinguish initial, hybrid formation, acronyms, contamination reduction. The most productive way is to contamination.

So, in the German-speaking and English-speaking discourses meet environmental terms established prefixal, suffixal, prefixes-suffixal ways. The most productive type of terminology is for the German two-component complex terms. Abbreviated terms are a special type of environmental terms which are widely spread through the development of scientific and technological progress. The most productive type for both German and English is abbreviation – contamination.