Тo the discussion of the discourse classification in the modern linguistics

Abstract

The development of linguistics as a science contributes to the emergence of new areas of research and a deeper study of existing concepts. In linguistics, discourse is considered as text, speech process, speech behavior in a communicative situation, and a form of manifestation of the communicative process. The study of discourse is carried out in separate branches and in interdisciplinary directions. The multi-dimensional concept makes it impossible to form a single system of research that would cover all aspects of the study of discourse.

The continuous uninterrupted process of societal and social development makes it impossible to provide a constant classification of discourses. In the process of evolution, new types of discourse are emerging, the old ones disappear, and the transformation of the existing types of discourse takes place, which led to the purpose of this scientific investigation.

Results. In a broad sense, discourse can be considered in two directions, each of which is complex and has multiple components: 1) text as means of putting down discourse in writing 2) as a communicative process in the form of a monologue or dialogue, which is a representation of discourse in oral speech.

Discourse is the direct use of the language, in oral or written form. This is a heterogeneous concept, therefore, its study takes place from the point of view of linguistics, grammar, literature studies, stylistics, semiotics, sociology, ethnography, philosophy, communication theory, and in interdisciplinary areas of pragmalinguistics, pragmatistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, linguistic stylistics, linguistic semantics, grammatical stylistics, lingoculturology, structural linguistics, cognitive semantics, etc.

Scientists in their studies of varieties of discourse indicate their variability and evolution, since in the process of social development one type of discourse can be divided into several varieties; over time, two or more types of discourse can be united; in the process of evolution, the name of discourse may remain non-variable, but it will have another content specific meaning; the progress associated with changes in society leads to the disappearance of non-relevant, obsolete types of discourse and the emergence of new ones; available discourses do not exist separately, but interact in a certain way; this does not have a direct relation between the complexity of the discourse and its volume ; in the process of joint activity, the discourse may be subjected to temporary modification; the number of existing discourses is unmeasurable.

The study of discourse should be carried out taking into account the following aspects: 1) the research is carried out in such away to account for the ever changing nature of the language; 2) the evolution of language is created by the process of communication, since during the process of communication the exchange of information takes place, the formation of thoughts occur, and the emotional influence of communicators on each other emerges; 3) the analysis of discourse should take into account national peculiarities; 4) the person not the means of communication is the main partof the speech process; 5) the situational environment before and after communication process should not be left out;6) the result of communication is the text which is considered to be a multifaceted project, in which its implementation and perception are vital. 

One can observe certain heterogenicity in the classification of institutional discourse, which is due to the fact that studies are conducted in different directions, and by the representatives of different branches, however, despite this, the classifications can also contain similar elements.

Among others, the following types of discourses are considered in the article: 1) dialogical, monological, polylogical; 2) one and two-way verbalized; 3) adequate-instinct kind, contradict subtype, silent, decryption kind, forgery, conventionally-false, encrypted-true; 4) expressive, representative, commissive, direct; 5) national; 6) argumentative; conflict, harmonious; 7) children’s, adolescent, female, male, geriatric, pertaining to residents of the village and city 8) personal (private) and institutional (sectoral).

Particular attention is paid to the analysis of institutional discourse, and its subtypes are briefly characterized: political, pedagogical, medical, religious, scientific, legal, military, newspaper, theater, television and radio discourse.The representatives (agentsandclients) of the analyzed branch types of discourse have been identified.

The representatives (agents and clients) of the analyzed branch types of discourse

have been identified.

The representatives (agents and clients) of the analyzed branch types of discourse

have been identified

Conclusion.The considered classifications of discourse are a reflection of a large number of studies in this direction, but given the complexity, multidimensionality and unmeasurable typology of discourse, it should be noted that the analyzed material in the proposed article is not an exhaustive study in this direction. Further research is needed to get a deeper understanding of institutional types of discourse.