Рroblems and methods of translating the agrarian terminology from English into Ukrainian (on the examples of scientific and technical discourse)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/philolog0(281).2018.0283%20-%20289Abstract
This article contains information on the main problems and ways of translating the English terminological clusters into Ukrainian, based on the material of scientific and technical discourse texts. The concept of agrarian term has been defined, the use of terminology in this type of discourse is considered, as well as analysis of scientific and technical discourse as a sphere of the agrarian terminology functioning has been carried out. Scientific and technical discourse proper has been defined as a textually verbalized discursive activity in the sphere of communication, speech interaction of representatives of a corresponding social group.
Taking into account a comparatively short period of time when the term and notion of discourse exists, which is not very long in terms of linguistic science, and despite the fact that a small number of scientists are engaged in studying this concept at present stage of studying, the problem of generation and functioning of discourse is one of the leading directions of world linguistics. The scope of the term "discourse" is becoming extremely broad, and the discursive analysis of the texts is increasingly used by scholars, which determines the relevance of this study.
The structure of discourse is split in quite a sophisticated way and functions as a system of mechanisms that extracts from the citation the veracity of the narrative and the legitimacy of knowledge. The translation of the scientific and technical discourse into Ukrainian is associated with certain grammatical complexities due to differences in the morphological and syntactic structure of languages. Therefore, translator should be especially attentive when working with the texts of this subject matter.
The main function of scientific research is the transfer of information, which is concentrated in terminology, the translation of scientific discourse is an informative translation. An interpreter/translator of scientific and technical discourse necessarily poses a problem of intertextuality. In this case, inter-texts become a part of the discourse in the form of direct and indirect citations. In accordance with the general guidelines for reproducing the quotations, there is a need to refer to the translations of the author cited or translate the quotation independently.
An illustrative material of the research is a book on the history of agriculture, "The History of World Agriculture: from the Neolithic to the Current Crisis" by M. Mazoyer and L. Roudart, which aims at transferring the scientific provisions relating to the history of agriculture in the world, which are signs of scientific and technical discourse. The analysis of agrarian terminology used in the book makes it possible to identify the following main problems of translating the agrarian terms: ambiguity of terms, absence of translation equivalents, presence of a large number of synonyms, insufficient work on streamlining the terminology and compilation of special dictionaries, a significant increase in general scientific and general technical terminology, is not sufficiently productive work on the international ranking and regulating the terminology.
The article also provides the explanations of difficulties in the translation based on the research, which presents the specifics of selecting the equivalents in the translation of agrarian terms, as well as the use of loan translation, differentiation and modulation.
In the modern world, the growth of the number of terms in various sciences outstrips the growth of the number of commonly used words of the language, and, given the rapid development of individual agrarian technologies and agriculture in general, it is important to study the specifics of functioning and translating the agrarian terminology in scientific and technological discourse, where they appear as a means of transferring knowledge among specialists in this field. Terminology is a part of a special vocabulary, which includes words and phrases that call the objects and concepts of various spheres of professional human activity and are not commonly used.
Terminology is largely a practical activity that has been designed to give people the opportunity to solve the pressing problems of expression and communication.
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