Means of Language Representation of the Process Category in the English Biotechnology Terminology

Abstract

Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of the category of process in English terminology of biotechnology in the cognitive aspect. The study of biotechnological terminology from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics is associated with the study of the role of epistemological categories and their linguistic expression in the studied terminology. It is established that certain categories play an important role both in the birth of a scientific concept and in the formation of the name that reflects it. The number of categories can be different and change over time, which in turn depends on the degree of coverage of terminology belonging to a particular field of scientific knowledge. Each science has its own conceptual apparatus, special, specific categories, which is a concentrated expression of the general, most essential features, qualities, patterns of the field that this science studies. Such a field is biotechnology and its terminology.

The purpose of the article is to study the role of the category of processes and its linguistic expression in English biotechnological terminology from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics.

Materials and methods of research. The source base of the work were texts from scientific literature in English (publications of scientific journals, materials of the Internet) and biotechnological dictionaries. During the analysis we relied on the methods of continuous sampling of language material, classification, definition and comparative analysis.

Results of the research. Organizing biotechnological terminology, we have identified the following categories: "biological object", "object (tool) of activity", "process", "substance", "property and characteristics", category "subject of activity", category "method of activity"," technology ","product of human activity". Within the terminology of biotechnology, the category "process" is the most frequently represented among these categories, as it has a pragmatic significance, which is explained by the need to accurately indicate the movement of biological objects and processes occurring in the use of biotechnology. Biotechnology as a subject area specifies this category at the conceptual level in relation to its conceptual system. In biotechnology terminology, this category has a binary structure, formed by two concepts that reflect the understanding of the processes used to form the final biotechnology product and the processes associated with monitoring the safety of biotechnology. The author aims to reveal the functional features of the category of process in the language of biotechnology and to identify a set of tools in English that serve to express this category. A significant number of terms representing the concept of "process" are also represented by metaphors. Metaphorical terms in the field of biotechnology, which verbalize the idea of objects and processes, reflect the desire to synthesize in the metaphor of the new and already known. The use of a ready-made linguistic name is often based on "usual" stereotypical associations.

Сonclusions. The category of process is a universal terminological category. Biotechnology as a subject area specifies this category at the conceptual level in relation to its conceptual system. In the terminology of biotechnology, the process category has a binary structure, which is formed by two concepts. The first concept reflects an understanding of the processes used to form the final biotechnology product. The second - nominates the processes associated with monitoring the safety of biotechnology. The analysis of biotechnological terminology in English from the point of view of representation of a category of process gives the bases to consider as terms those units in which semantics the information on actions contains. At the language level, various means are involved in the verbalization of the concept of "process": special procedural vocabulary; specialized morphemes; terms created on the basis of metaphorical transference and syntactic constructions.

The studied category is widely used in biotechnological terminology, as it is one of the basic categories used to classify the concepts of biotechnology.