Substantiation of effect of ladle conveyors on injury and quality of seeds of cereals

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to improve the quality of the seeds by reducing their macro- and micro-injuries during harvesting, cultivation of cereals, seed preparation and other technological processes. Theoretical research and calculations were performed by mathematical modeling of the work of technical means and technological processes, application of the basic laws of mechanics and modern methods of computer calculations. Experimental studies were performed under laboratory and production conditions using natural samples and technical means by developed and standard methods. The results of theoretical and experimental studies show that during the transportation and contacting of the grains with the working surfaces of the ladles, backfilling, speed of movement, clamping and collision, there is a significant increase in macro- and micro-injury of seeds, which in the end negatively affect it. This is especially true for the reduction of field germination of seeds, which reduces the yield of any grain, and consequently reduces the gross production of grain. Studies show that the destruction of a material occurs if the mechanical action of forces is greater than the strength of the material to which these forces exert, so it is necessary to determine by calculation the amount of contact force depending on the mass, velocity, elasticity of bodies, as well as external factors during contacting arising from mechanical action and pressure on the grain when colliding with the working surfaces and strikes contribute to microtrauma. Bandwidth, filling of ladles with seeds, back rash, surface areas of working organs, wedging of grains in the gaps between the ladle and stripe and other factors in the aggregate and correlation with biological and mechanical and technological properties of seeds of cereal crops Indicators. It has been proved that microtraumming of grains in different agroclimatic zones before loading with bucket conveyors was in the range of 22,9-23,5%, and after transportation by bucket conveyors reached 45,3-46,4%, ie increased twice, and microtrauma increased by 21,8-23,5%. 54,7% of winter wheat seeds remained unloaded from the ladles without being damaged. The data obtained can be considered as a proof of the need for practical use of efficient and highly productive and, at the same time, safe technical means during seed preparation in order to provide high quality indicators and above all its similarity, which significantly affects the yield of any grain.