К развитию методики определения оптимального состава и типоразмера ветродизельных энергокомплексов с учетом местных ветроклиматических условий

Abstract

Optimization of characteristics and composition of the hybrid energy systems based on diesel generators

V. Nikolaev

Relevance of the work due to the great prospects of the joint use of diesel power plants with wind power ustanovkamis purpose of saving expensive diesel fuel and improve the reliability and efficiency of power supply small and medium power consumers (up to 5 - 10 MW).

The purpose of research - development of methods for determining the optimal composition and size wind-diesel power complexes (WEC), taking into account local conditions vetroklimaticheskih.

Materials and methods of research. The effectiveness of the WEC depends on the local wind climate conditions and on the number, capacity, technical and performance characteristics of existing in the complex diesel generators and wind power plants and their placement on a given territory. Determination of wind resources is possible using a variety of information: data of long-term measurements of wind speeds on the weather and upper-air stations and tall masts, these short-term (1 - 2 years) wind measurements at specialized vetroizmeritelnyh complexes, satellite data, etc. for assessing and predicting the operational parameters of the wind. electrical installations in a given area can be used by various methods, of which the most well-known and common in Russia are respected in the world WASP methodology development of the Danish Institute of RISO and domestic technique FLUGER XXI development TsAGI - SIC "ATMOGRAF".

In the absence of measurements of winds in a given area is necessary to resort to interpolation methods for their determination, provides a fairly accurate estimates provided flat terrain, the presence of long-term measurement data on nearby weather stations at a distance of not more than 50 km from the area of interest using satellite data is only available for preliminary assessment of the wind resource, and is not recommended for the determination of the performance of wind power plants.

The number of options in determining the optimal composition of complex diesel vaetro even experienced designers in the presence of many factors of several thousand, which necessitates the use of numerical analysis techniques. To solve this problem it is necessary to take into account a number of factors of wind, the most problematic and important of which, previously identified and analyzed by the authors developed a technique are:

- Availability of daily and watch the progress of wind characteristics, depending on the height above the surface;

- Annual and seasonal variation and altitudinal distribution of probabilities of wind calms of varying lengths;

- Availability of short (about 10 minutes), the wind speed fluctuations;

- The possibility of a different temporal averaging (average annual, seasonal, monthly) for modeling the velocity distribution functions and wind directions or using empirical winds of characteristics;

- Unreliability of the correlation of wind speed, defined by long-term meteorological data and the data of the short-term 1 - 2 annual measurements obtained at different periods of observation;

- Regional and local specificity altitude distributions (profiles) wind speed and direction;

- There are significant in different seasons and in different areas of daily and seasonal fluctuations in air density;

Estimates show that the consideration of these factors, or the absence thereof, can significantly affect the accuracy of the wind energy potential in the range of size and composition, and the ratio of generating capacity in sostavevetro diesel complex, and significantly improve the accuracy of the final effect, or distort it.

The results of research. Technique developed by the authors numerically implemented in the software package "EAST", combined with a base of long-term weather and upper-air data "FLUGER", which allows to simulate the wind characteristics at any point in the territory of Russia with the given coordinates, taking into account all the factors mentioned above. In developing methods were combined the most effective approaches and algorithms of foreign and own methods for determining wind potential, as well as created and modified a number of high quality accounting modules that provide a detailed and informative forecasts of economic performance and WEC.

The technique allows to calculate the energy pokazatelivetro power using wind database installations with the prior art and performance, as well as the comparative analysis in order to select the optimal base of wind power installations.

As benchmarks in this methodology are considered a minimum consumption of diesel fuel and the maximum of its replacement, a minimum electricity cost, the minimum payback period.

Program complex "Vostok" piloted in justifying the investment and development of projects of wind diesel systems.

According to the author, one of the most important but poorly understood it is the question of the validity and effectiveness of the sharing of long-term (up to 20 years) of the forecast performance of wind diesel complex - long-term measurements of wind data on the state of weather and upper-air stations and short-term (1 .- 2. years) the measurement of the wind.

Сonclusions

The calculations confirm the importance of the following factors in determining the optimum compositions wind diesel systems:

- The general local wind power potential in the installation of wind diesel complex, its distribution throughout the year, the structure of the vertical profile of the wind speed;

- The cost of diesel fuel in the region use diesel wind industry;

- The number and value dizelnyhgeneratorov facilities as part of wind- diesel complex, their technical characteristics (total service life, flow characteristics), operating and capital costs to them;

- Wind class ispolzuemyhvetro electrical installations, models, height of towers, their number is composed of wind diesel complex, their economic performance.

Thus, the identification and registration of the investigated factors fraught with potential and significant errors, which together can lead to errors of the forecast performance of wind diesel set to 100% or more, and thus limit the effectiveness of their design and use.