Дослідження і розробказамкнених еколого-біотехнічних систем у тваринництві
Abstract
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL closed-biotechnological systems in livestock
A. Chmil
The relationship between man and nature during production sharply UIC-ladnyuyutsya. Continuously increasing metabolism and energy-lyayetsya expression in the expanded use of natural resources and increasing rynnytskyh-ment and other wastes that are returned to the environment, dramatically enhances the overall performance of agricultural production on nature. The ability of the same nature to play intensively used natural resources and self-cleaning of contamination is limited. Therefore, the problem of environmental pollution prevention livestock waste determines the need to create ZEBS as environmentally closed production structures that can "fit" in the equilibrium system environment with minimal losses for her.
The purpose of research - development of energy-saving and ecologically safe technologies of processing and disposal of animal waste.
Materials and methods of research. The essence of the integrated system is combined bioconversion of organic waste in three stages, by passing the waste of one process module to another for which wastes used as raw materials in order to obtain fertilizer, feed and fuel, intensifying the process of biodegradation, full utilization of mineral substances in the waste, environmental protection and the prevention of the spread of epidemics.
Results. In the first stage processing of organic waste is carried out under anaerobic conditions in bioenergy installation (MEAs). This enables biogas, which is 2/3 of methane calorific value 20-24 MJ / m3, and can be used not only for own needs, but also as fuel for thermal power needs of livestock enterprises. In addition, decreased overall microbial contamination, helminth eggs die, lose germination of weed seeds, and loss of nitrogen does not exceed 5 %.
In the second stage the solid fraction is used to vermykultyvuvannya - industrial cultivation of earthworms in open areas or indoors.
For cultivation on artificial conditions most noteworthy worm species Eisenia foetida, which is best adapted to life in captivity, different short period of maturation and high fecundity. The main danger for him is the possibility of poisoning is excessive protein in organic matter at the unfinished fermentation.
In the third stage the liquid fraction eflyuenta MEAs used for the cultivation of microalgae such as chlorella, spirulina, stsenedesmus more. Given sufficient nitrogen nutrition microalgae contain over 50 % protein with a set of essential amino acids, 30-35 % carbohydrates, 7-10 % fat, vitamins C, B, carotene, microelements and antibiotics. It was also established that spirulina remove heavy metals and radionuclides.
Conclusions
Based on theoretical and experimental studies developed energy-saving and environmental protection technology processing and disposal of animal waste with a maximum rate of transfer of energy to animal products, which is the combined processing of waste in three stages, by passing the waste of one process module to another for which wastes used as raw materials, with to obtain organic fertilizer, feed and fuel bioconversion process intensification opportunities and the full utilization of mineral substances in the waste.
References
Чміль А. І. Енергетична ефективність і екологічна безпека замкнутих еколого-біотехнічних систем в тваринництві / А. І. Чміль : монографія. – К. : Компринт, 2015. – 163 с.
Чміль А. І. Дослідження енергетичної досконалості біотехнічних систем у тваринництві / А. І. Чміль // Науковий вісник НУБіП України. – 2015. – Вип. 209, ч. 2. – С. 58–63.
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