Эволюция энтропии в многокомпонентных неравновесных системах
Abstract
EVOLUTION OF ENTROPY IN MULTICOMPONENT NONEQUILIBRIUM SYSTEMS
b. draganov, a. mishchenko, e. shelimanova
Classical thermodynamics method allows to study the basic laws of quasi-static processes without opening their molecular mechanism. Works Onsager and Prigogine laid the foundations of a similar method to the study of irreversible processes, of particular interest to modern technical devices. This method is successfully applied to the study of transport phenomena, chemical kinetics, and a number of other processes.
The purpose of research is to develop a method for determining the degree of non-equilibrium transient multicomponent systems based on the evolution of entropy production.
The linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics as defining relations, which complement the system of hydrodynamic equations of conservation, applied the phenomenological relations of irreversible processes (Onsager relations).
In addition, when the axiomatic approach is accepted as an independent postulate symmetry relations Onsager-Casimir (reciprocity) to minaret used to minimize the number of phenomenological coefficients in linear symmetry ratios.
To determine the flows and their conjugate thermodynamic forces are usually used concrete idea of entropy production rate σ (s) inside the system in this irreversible process in the form of a bilinear form.
The specific entropy density can be expressed as the equation of evolution of entropy/
The inequality, which is an essential criterion for the evolution of entropy, has two consequences. Firstly, if the change depends on one variable, then , where W characterizes the so-called kinetic potential. Second, regardless of the time the system is not fixed, but oscillates in time. It follows from this conclusion that the Onsager relations are not fulfilled for the states far from equilibrium.
It should be noted that within the framework of the phenomenological approach the area of applicability of the postulate of local thermodynamic equilibrium is applicable, if the processes in the system eliminates the appearance of large fragments of the variable component.
Thus, phase transitions take place in a multicomponent environment in accordance with the regularity of Gibbs.
The hydrodynamic model of the molecular motion of a multicomponent scheme (taking into account the chemical reactions and fields external conservative forces) is constructed.
A model of the dynamics of processes in non-equilibrium systems is built on the basis of the phenomenological approach (the Onsager principle).
It has been shown that the criterion of irreversibility of nonequilibrium systems is the evolution of entropy production.
References
Onsager, L. (1931). Recinprocal relations in irrever sible processes. Physical Review, 37 (4), 405–426.
Pryhozhyn, Y. (1960). Vvedeniye v termodynamiku neobratimykh protsessov [Introduction to the thermodynamics of irreversible processes]. Moskow: Yzd-vo inostr. lit-ry, 160.
Pryhozhyn, Y., Kondepudy, D. (2002). Sovremennaya termodinamyka. Ot teplovykh dvigatelei do dissipativnykh struktur [Modern thermodynamics. From Heat Engines to Dissipative Structures]. Moskow: Mir, 464.
De Hrot, S., Mazur, P. (1964). Neravnovesnaya termodinamyka [Non-equilibrium thermodynamics]. Moskow: Myr, 456.
Mason, E. A. (1974). The Onsager reciprocal relations. Experimental evidence // Fundamental of continuum thermodynamics. London and Basingstoke: Mac Milan.
Miller, D. G. (1974). Onsager relations. Experimental evidence // In: Foundations of continuum thermodynamics. London and Basingstoke: Mac Milan.
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