Модель системи керування електротехнічним комплексом біогазової установки

Анотація

ELECTRIC MODEL OF MANAGEMENT AND HARDWARE BIOGAS PLANT

S. Shvorov, D. Komarchuk, P. Okhrimenko, P.  Ivanov

In recent years, the environmental issue has become one of the main values of many problems. One of the major social problems of planetary scale is to preserve and improve the environment and sustainable development. However, unfortunately, the ecological situation in Ukraine continues to deteriorate. On this issue, of course, impossible to ignore and be separated from the other tasks of the present. Meanwhile particularly relevant today is the issue of energy sovereignty of Ukraine. Ukraine's dependence on imported energy is 40%, this situation brings the country beyond the normal economic risks exist. Therefore, the policy should be aimed at improving energy efficiency and reducing energy use, should be a priority in the energy strategy of Ukraine. Sustainability includes the use of alternative and renewable energy, which does not lead to the depletion of natural resources of the country. Using alternative energy sources such as wind, solar radiation, sea, river, biomass, secondary energy resources, we can reduce the use of traditional energy sources and reduce technogenic impact on the environment. One of the most promising solutions to the problem out of the energy crisis is bringing to the fuel and energy balance of Ukraine renewable energy sources, including biotransformation waste in biogas.                                                                                                                Despite the fact that Ukraine has recently sold more alternative energy projects, the total of renewable energy still does not exceed 1.5%. The potential of bioenergy of 60% renewable energy in Ukraine.                                                                                               Biogas technology from fermentation of waste in modern anaerobic reactors can solve several problems at once: to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and waste, reduce consumption of gas purchased (through the use of biogas at the plant formed). As a result, life is biological community digesters reduce the concentration of organic matter in the waste liquid and the formation of biogas is environmentally friendly fuel.                                                                                                                                Lack of modern bioenergy technologies of recycling of waste in digesters are: ineffective biotransformation process waste into biogas, enough high level of methane in the biogas fermentation of long duration, lower biogas output at limiting nutrients in the substrate.                                                                                                                         The mixing of sludge in tanks digesters with optimal intensity provides effective use of the whole volume of the reservoir, prevents the formation of "dead" zones of sediment separation, laying mineralized sediment and crust formation, and also helps equalize the temperature field and the improvement of gas. Thermophilic fermentation waste also contributes to the intensification of the process. This increases the load digesters, and therefore the final product output (up to 2 times). The results confirm the possibility of increasing the efficiency of methane fermentation by increasing the concentration of microorganisms in digesters.                                                                                                                                                                    Intensification of bioenergy utilization leads not only to increase the yield of biogas, but a significant decrease in the area that occupy these buildings. These processes require productive management of complex systems methane fermentation and continuous monitoring of their functioning.                                      The scientists have shown that in terms of biogas noteworthy plant material, but along with that there is the problem of disposal of manure on farms. In this connection, we tasked to investigate the production of biogas through the use of a mixture.                                                                                                                                                                                     The basic principle of the methodology for determining the impact of the disintegration of the substrate for methane fermentation process is to determine the dynamics of the formation of biogas. Criteria evaluation process are changes in the number of biogas formed stable compared to the same control. In experimental studies of anaerobic fermentation processing of raw materials took place in the following ways:

- the use of mechanical disintegrant;

- the use of thermolysis;

- sonication.