Вплив енергетичної дози обробки в магнітному полі на посівні якості насіння зернових культур

Анотація

UDC 621.313.8: 631.53.027

EFFECT OF ENERGY DOSE OF TREATMENT IN A MAGNETIC FIELD on sowing qualities of cereal seeds

V. Kozyrsky, V. Savchenko, A. Sinyavsky

Implementation electrotechnologies makes it possible to increase efficiency of growing crops. These technologies include preplant seed treatment in a magnetic field.

The use of pre-treatment of seeds in a magnetic field needs to establish the mechanism of action of magnetic field on seeds and determine the optimal treatment regime that improves crop yields and quality marketable products.

The purpose of research - to establish the impact energy dose treatment of cereal seeds in a magnetic field to change its vigor and germination capacity.

Materials and methods of research. Experimental studies were conducted on the wheat variety "Natalie" and barley varieties "Solntsedar" for installation developed for pre-treatment of seeds in a magnetic field.

Seeds moved on the conveyor through a magnetic field generated by four pairs of permanent magnets with intermetallic composite NdFeB, mounted in parallel above and below the belt conveyor with variable polarity.

Magnetic induction governing the change of distance between the magnets in the range 0 - 0.5 T and measured teslameters 43205/1. The velocity of the seeds by changing the magnetic field within the 0.4 - 0.8 m / s for the frequency converter Delta VFD004EL43A.

Processed in a magnetic field seeds germinated GOST 10968-88, and determined vigor and germination capacity.

Results. Seed treatment in a magnetic field under the influence of the Lorentz force changes the relative kinetic energy of the ions along the center line.

Therefore, the chemical reaction will enter ions at a rate less than the critical value, causing the increase in the rate of chemical reactions.

The magnetic field improves the solubility of salts and acids are found in plant cell as well as permeability of cell membranes, which accelerates the diffusion of ions and molecules across the cell membrane. As a result, the concentration of mineral elements and oxygen in the cells, thereby increasing crop yields and reduce the incidence of plants. In addition, increased permeability of the cell membrane causes an increase in water absorption seeds.

The effect of these factors causes an increase in vigor and germination capacity of seed crops.

The relation between the dose of energy and energy processing seed germination. The biggest energy germination of barley occurs when the energy treatment dose of 2.22 J • s / kg wheat - 1.73 J • s / kg, and in larger or smaller doses it decreases.

The ability of germination of cereal seeds depends on the energy dosage processing in a magnetic field. The largest capacity of wheat seed germination occurred at a dose of energy 1.73 J • s / kg, barley - 2.22 J • s / kg.

If the energy dose exceeds 5.0 J • s / kg, increasing vigor and seed germination capacity during their preliminary treatment in a magnetic field is negligible compared to untreated seeds.

Conclusions

Change vigor and seed germination ability of crops depends on the energy dosage seed treatment in a magnetic field. Optimized pre-treatment of seeds in the magnetic field takes place in a range of energy dose treatment of 1.7 - 2.2 J • s / kg, magnetic induction 65 mT, four magnetization and the speed of the conveyor belt of 0.4 m / s.