Дослідження впливу обробки в сильному електричному полі на схожість насіння

Анотація

UDC 621.3: 631.53.027.33

STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF SEED TREATING BY HIGH ELECTRIC FIELD ON SEED GERMINATION

S. Usenko, O. Naumenko

The results of studies of the impact of seed treatment cereals in the electric field of high tension in vigor, laboratory germination, disease development and yield of cereal crops. It is determined the efficiency of the electric field of high intensity on crop quality and yield of cereal crops depending on binning time before sowing.

Presowing seed is one of the most important stages in the production of agricultural products. At the present stage of the grain industry preplant treatment involves several stages of the main ones are: seed treatment and processing of biological growth stimulants. As a result of seed treatment is harmful microflora destroyed, which leads to disease of plants after sowing, but at the same time the seed is covered with foil, which affects crop quality. Therefore, seed cultivation requires additional biological growth stimulants. This technology involves the use of chemical and biological agents that have the ability to accumulate both in soil and in crop production, which ultimately has a negative impact on the environment in nature and the human body.

The pursuit of high yields without harming the environment leads to finding alternative ways to pre-treatment. Recently, more and more attention of scientists and producers attract physical processing techniques. To date, developed and used methods of treatment using high temperature X-ray and gamma radiation, microwave fields. And despite the environmental advantages and others, high energy and fuzzy reproducibility prevent wide introduction of these technologies.

One of the areas developing in recent years is the use of high intensity electric field. During this treatment on the seed lot has a set of factors - the electric field of high tension dc conductivity, ionization processes in seed mass and ozone, which provide simultaneous stimulation of the growth process and grain disinfection of surfaces from harmful microorganisms.

In studies conducted in barley grain mass was found that the impact of effective treatment in the electric field of high tension manifests itself not once, but over time softened. To date, such studies were conducted only on crops, and the effectiveness of the influence of the electric field of high tension in research and grouts crops Effective period of softened before sowing not investigated.

The department of electric drive and electrotechnologies of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine developed a plant for processing of seed supply in the electric field of high tension. Seed mass processed, filled into the chamber where the processing between the high-voltage electrodes. When summed voltage to the electrodes high seed mass is subjected to a complex action of several factors, the main ones are: DC and ozone. Direct current passing through the seed stimulates growth processes and ozone, which is formed in air inclusions seed weight, eliminates harmful micro flora preventing morbidity plants after sowing.

For research used four kinds of cereal crops in three varieties: buckwheat, soriso, sorghum, millet.

As a result of studies found that treatment of seeds in an electric field of high tension improves sowing qualities, but the best effect is achieved if the seeds sown almost immediately after treatment, but softened over time. Processed grains each culture was divided into three parties, which were seeded respectively on the second day, the seventh day and the tenth day after treatment.

The effect of stimulation of seeds after treatment in an electric field of high tension DC is best manifested in 7-10 days compared with the control sample (no treatment). That is, on the tenth day to the greatest extent included physiological processes in growth as a result of seed treatment. Since research data show that samples of seeds sown on the second day after treatment showed no significant benefits for energy sprouting and laboratory germination compared to the control variant, while samples laid down in the seventh and tenth day after treatment, these indicators improved significantly relative to controls. As for culture soriso, depending on the variety and mode of processing performance was improved or worsened. This suggests a different varietal reaction and need further study and improve processing modes.

The largest increase in indicators of sowing qualities observed in sorghum seeds.

This indicates that for each culture, each class should be investigated and select processing modes for the best indicators of productivity.

The research revealed that as a result of seed treatment of cereals in the electric field of high intensity is improving its crop quality, but to achieve the best effect of seed treatment should be carried out 7-10 days before seeding. Softened seeds for 7-10 days allows the greatest extent intensify the growth processes in seeds, as a result of treatment.

It was found that different cultures have different varietal reaction depending on the mode of treatment. In this connection, processing modes and their impact on germination require further study.