The cellular composition of the esophageal tonsil of chickens in the postnatal period of ontogenesis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/ujvs2020.01.002Abstract
Abstract. In mammals, the first protective barrier to antigen entry through the digestive system is the Valdeier-Pirogov pharyngeal lymphoid ring, which is absent in birds. In the latter, this function is performed by the esophageal tonsil, which belongs to the peripheral organs of hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis. In them, due to the effects of antigenic stimulation, T- and B-lymphocytes differentiate into effector cells that cause specific immunity.
The subject of the study was the esophageal tonsil of a cross Chever 579 from one to 300 days–old and 1, 2 and 3 years. When performing the work used conventional classical methods of cytological research. Cytological studies were performed on imprinted preparations, which were stained with Wright commercial paints LekoDiff 200 (Erba Lachema, Czech Republic) and Papagenheim paints Hemocolor (Merck, Federal Republic of Germany). They were studied using an Olympus microscope (x1000).
Lymphocytes, immunoblasts, proplasmocytes and plasma cells, monocytes, macrophages, reticular cells, heterophils and fibroblasts are found in the cells of the esophageal tonsil of chickens. Most of them are lymphocytes. Their content increases unevenly to the 60-days-old bird. In chickens 90–180 days-old it remains practically the same, and in older individuals it decreases somewhat. Proplasmocytes and plasmocytes are found in imprints in a small amount, starting at 15 days-old of chickens. With increasing age of the bird, the content of these cells increases and the maximum becomes in one years of chickens. The content of monocytes and macrophages on the drug-imprints is negligible. It increases irregularly with increasing age of chickens and reaches maximum at two years of chickens. The reticular cells form the basis of the esophageal tonsil and are masked by cells of the lymphoid row, and the fibroblasts and heterophils are contained in a small amount that cannot be statistically processed.
Keywords: chickens, esophageal tonsil, lymphoid tissue, cells of the lymphoid row, reticular cells, heterophils, fibroblasts
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