Morphological changes in the blood of the fishes of gobiidae family during cryptocotylesis.

Abstract

This article describes morphological changes in blood of Gobiidae family fish infected
with Cryptocotyle trematodes. Study was conducted in 2016-2017. It was found, that haemoglobin con-
centration in the blood of infected fish compered to control group was lower in by 12.8 g / L or 15.72
% (p < 0.05), and erythrocyte count was lower by 1.26*1012/L or 38.8% (p < 0.05). Since hemoglobin performs a number of important functions, the main among which is to learn tissue gas exchange, it can be concluded that the significant toxic effects of the cryptocytosis agent on the organism of the intermediate host – bullfish – namely, the oxidative-reducing processes in the organism of these fish. Total leukocyte count was higher in fish infected with Cryptocotyle trematodes by 9.2*109/L or 18.47 % (p <0.05), with increase in basophils and pseudobasophils by 33.08% (p < 0.05), eosinophils and pseudoeo-sinophils by 88.11 % (p < 0.05), and monocyte by 34 % (p < 0.05). In our opinion, an increase in the total number of leukocytes indicates the presence of inflammatory process in the bullfish for the invasion of their causative agent of cryptocytosis. This indicates that the pathogens of cryptocotylosis in the process of invasion causes a significant allergic effect on the host organism – bullfish. Also, there is and damage
to the surface tissues of the body of fish: skin, gills, fins, which leads to the first stages of infection with local inflammatory processes. In the case of injury to tissue of fish, the inoculatory effect of the parasitic pathogen agent on the organism of fish is realized, that is, the damage opens the "gate of infection" for the secondary microflora, which enhances the inflammatory process. The phenomenon is due to the factthat for a parasitic invasion against the background of allergy to fish organisms, the products of the life of metacarcaras, the trematodes of the Heterophyidae family, destroy a large number of pseudobasophilia
and mast cells. As a result of this process, a large amount of histamine is released into the blood, and
the neutralization of which requires pseudoiesinophils, which also have a histamine. Another change, observed in full blood count was higher percentage of banded and segmented neutrophils in infected
fish by 23.71 % (p < 0.05) and 68.42 % (p < 0.05) respectively In our opinion, a substantial increase in the
level of rod-and-nucleus and segmental neutrophils in the blood of the experimental group is associated
with the appearance of significant inflammatory processes in the tissues of the outer surfaces: skin, gills
and swimmers, while invading the bullfish by the cryptocytosis agent.. At the same time, proportion of
lymphocyte was decreased in infected fish by 10.63 % (p < 0.05) Therefore, it must be assumed that the
products of vital activity of the parasite to a large extent inhibit the functioning of antibodies and other
immunocompetent organs, directly affecting the rate and state of maturation of lymphocytes. Since
lymphocytes actively contribute to the formation of the state of immunity and resistance to aggressive
components of the microenvironment, the invasiveness of bullfish by the cryptocytosis agent greatly
reduces the natural resistance and resistance of the latter to pathogenic viruses, microorganisms and
fungi. We believe that an increase in the number of monocytes in the blood of invasive fish is primarily
due to the trauma of surface tissue tissues of the fish during the infection with cerkaria trematodes,
which in the future leads to the formation of a large number of local inflammatory foci, especially in the
first stages of invasion of bulls. In addition, saprophytic microflora, which penetrates into tissue damage
during mechanical influence of the parasite on the organism of the host, complicates the course of the
inflammatory process and deepens it due to pathogenic effects. In order to prevent the generalization of
inflammation of monocytes of blood take an active part in the processes of local phagocytosis, neutralize
and neutralize the products of life not only of parasites, but also the results of their secondary effects –
products of vital activity of microorganisms, thereby maintaining the natural resistance and resistance
of the organism of fish.
Keywords: hematological research, blood morphology, cryptocotylosis, hemoglobin, erythrocytes,
leukocytes, Dnipro-Bug estuary, Mykolayiv and Odessa region