ISSN: 2663-9688 (Online), ISSN: 2663-967X (Print) Збірник наукових праць "Науковий вісник НУБіП України. Серія: Ветеринарна медицина, якість і безпека продукції тваринництва" перейменовано в науковий журнал "Український часопис ветеринарних наук" Свідоцтво про державну реєстрацію: Серія КВ № 23844-13684ПР від 03.04.2019 Фахова реєстрація у МОН України: Наказ № 1643 від 28.12.2019, Категорія "Б" Галузь наук: Ветеринарні Спеціальність: 211 - ветеринарна медицина, 212 - ветеринарна гігієна, санітарія і експертиза Тематика: Висвітлення наукових досліджень з ветеринарної медицини, якості та безпечності продукції тваринництва. Рік заснування: 2010 Засновник: Національний університет біоресурсів і природокористування України Періодичність: 4 рази на рік Мова видання: Українська, англійська Адреса редакції: 03041, Київ, вул. Героїв Оборони, 15 Телефон: (044)527-87-20 Індексується в наступних міжнародних наукометричних базах даних: Ulrichsweb EBSCO Google Scholar MIAR BASE Головною метою журналу є сприяння розвитку наукових досліджень у сфері ветеринарної медицини, якості та безпечності продукції тваринництва. Основним його призначенням є публікація статтей проблемно-постановчого, узагальнюючого та методичного характеру.
Національний університет біоресурсів і природокористування України
Стосунки між правовласниками і користувачами регулюються на умовах ліцензії Creative Commons Із Зазначенням Авторства – Некомерційна – Поширення На Тих Самих Умовах 4.0 Міжнародна (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0):https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.uk Автори, які публікуються у цьому журналі, погоджуються з наступними умовами: Автори залишають за собою право на авторство своєї роботи та передають журналу право першої публікації цієї роботи на умовах ліцензії Creative Commons Attribution License, котра дозволяє іншим особам вільно розповсюджувати опубліковану роботу з обов'язковим посиланням на авторів оригінальної роботи та першу публікацію роботи у цьому журналі. Автори мають право укладати самостійні додаткові угоди щодо неексклюзивного розповсюдження роботи у тому вигляді, в якому вона була опублікована цим журналом (наприклад, розміщувати роботу в електронному сховищі установи або публікувати у складі монографії), за умови збереження посилання на першу публікацію роботи у цьому журналі. Політика журналу дозволяє і заохочує розміщення авторами в мережі Інтернет (наприклад, у сховищах установ або на особистих веб-сайтах) рукопису роботи, як до подання цього рукопису до редакції, так і під час його редакційного опрацювання, оскільки це сприяє виникненню продуктивної наукової дискусії та позитивно позначається на оперативності та динаміці цитування опублікованої роботи (див.The Effect of Open Access).
Biological peculiarities of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells at different passages of cultivation
The studies were conducted on 2-3-months-old males of C57BL/6 mice weighing 20-24 g. Obtaining and working with mesenchymal stem cells of adipose tissue culture (AD MSCs) was performed in a sterile laminar box under conditions of asepsis and antiseptics. AD MSCs of the 2, 4, 7 and 12 passages were analyzed. Morphometric analysis was performed using a light microscopy. Morphometric parameters such as cell and nucleus area or nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR) were calculated using the Axiovision light microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany) and Image J 1.45 software. Trypan blue dye used for investigation of the viability of MSC. The morphological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue during the process of cultivation changes: at the first passages of cultivation, the cells are spindle-shaped with two, at least three, long long cytoplasmic processes, located bipolar. Near the nucleus the Golgi complex is clearly visible - a sign of active cells. At later passages cells have a small cytoplasmic processes and the bipolar arrangement of processes changes by stellar arrangement. Golgi complex is also clearly visualized. The indicator of the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio in MSC from adipose tissue is significantly reduced at 7 passage to 0.2189 ± 0.0122 (P < 0.01), and at 12 passage to 0.1111 ± 0.0086 (P < 0.001) compared to the 2 passage. The coefficient of proliferation of MSC from adipose tissue is significantly reduced at 12th passage. The viability of mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue with an increasing of a number of passages significantly reduces and at the 12th passage of cultivation reaches 84,67 ± 1,36* (P < 0.05). The content of apoptotic cells that exhibited sensitivity to serum-free significantly increased at 7 and 12 passages and was respectively 21.33 ± 1.36 (P < 0.05) and 23.67 ± 0.97% (P < 0.05). Key words: adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells, nucleus, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, coefficient of proliferation, viability, apoptosis, early passages, late passages
Авторське право (c) 2021 Український часопис ветеринарних наук
Serum creatine phosphokinase activity in rabbit during regeneration of experimentally damaged muscle tissue and after its stimulation by transplanted msc
За статистикою в сучасній ветеринарній практиці відсоток м’язових травм серед спортивних та робочих тварини складає від 40-70% спортивних травм. Досить часто зустрічаються випадки із м’язовими травмами скелетних м’язів, а саме кінцівок. В даній науковій праці описано методику досліджень, поетапно етапи досліджень та вивчаємо взаємозв’язок динаміки активності окремого біохімічного показника крові. Суть методу полягала в моделюванні травми м’язової тканини проведеного методом розтинання шкіри та фасції і відсікання в ділянці серединної площини тазової голівки двоголового м’яза стегна, розміром 1,5 х 1,5см на глибину 1,5 см м’язової тканини на 105 лабораторних тваринах, поділених на 4 групи за застосування різних методів лікування. Аналізуємо результати одного із найефективніших біохімічних методів діагностики ушкодження скелетних м’язових волокон та порівняно активність ферменту креатинфосфокінази ізоферменту (ММ) залежно від етапу дослідження. Інші методи досліджень такі як, клінічні, біохімічні, ультрасонографічні, гістологічні методи досліджень реєструвались на 4,7,10,14,21,28 добу. Нами проаналізовано останні літературні джерела та зроблено висновки, що на 4-ту та 7-му доби рівень креатинфосфокінази в групах із внутрішньовенним введенням, внутрішньом’язовим введенням алогенних мезенехімальних стовбурових клітин вище референтних значень але значно нижче порівняно ніж з групами контролю та традиційним методом лікування. А от значну динаміку зниження рівня креатинфосфокінази в сироватці крові у кролів ми спостерігаємо на 10 добу в групі із внутрішньовенним введенням порівняно із контрольною групою тварин у 2 рази, порівняно із традиційним лікуванням в 1,6 рази. Група тварин із внутрішньом’язовим введенням має референтні значення на 14-ту добу, порівняно із контролем нижче в 1,3 рази, традиційним лікуванням 1,2 рази. Та на 21 добу отримуємо референтні значення у групи тварин із традиційним лікуванням. Рівень активності креатинфосфокінази знижується в контрольної групи тварин на 28 добу дослідження, що свідчить про повний м’язовий розрив. Результати досліджень показали, що найбільш високу активність ферменту креатинфосфокінази протягом дослідження показали групи тварин контрольна та із традиційним лікуванням, що свідчило про значні структурно-функціональні й деструктивні порушення м’зових волокон скелетних тканин з тяжкою травмою. Таким чином відзначено, що активність ферменту за умов ушкодження скелетної м’язової тканини має тенденцію збільшуватись відповідно до ступеня тяжкості травми. Ключові слова: алогенні мезенхімальні стовбурові клітини, регенерація м’язової тканини, лабораторні тварини, активність, ізоформа.
Pathohistological changes in pigs with mycoplasmosis
The paper presents the results of studying the morphological features of pathological processes in organs and tissues of cats with chlamydia infection. A study of the corcasses of cats of different breeds at the age from 2 to 5 years was carried out, in which the pathogen of chlamydia was diagnosed by laboratory methods during life. The main research method was postmortem examination and histological examination. According to anamnestic data, in sick animals various types and stages of conjunctivitis and pronounced signs of damage to the respiratory tract were recorded. The most notable injuries and characteristic macroscopic changes in all dead cats were recorded in the tissues of the lungs and regional bronchial lymph nodes, as well as in the spleen. Morphological manifestations of chlamydial infection at the macroscopic level are: catarrhal-purulent conjunctivitis and rhinitis, pneumonia in the form of interstitial pneumonia and pneumosclerosis; catarrhal-purulent bronchitis; hyperplasia and serous lymphadenitis of bronchial lymph nodes. Edema of the organ stroma, as well as the presence of eosinophils in inflammatory infiltrates, testify to the allergization of the body. Necrobiotic and dystrophic changes in the parenchymal organs occured due to long-term persistence of chlamydia and during the formation of elementary bodies. Chlamydia immunity is assessed as non-sterile. Persistent immunity does not develop in animals that have been sick. The manifestation of chlamydia infection at microscopic level is characterized by: interstitial pneumonia and pneumosclerosis, fibrinous-purulent pleuropneumonia, hyperplasia of the lymphoid nodules of the spleen; passive venous hyperemia of the liver and kidneys, granular and fatty degeneration of the liver. Key words: chlamydia, cats, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchitis, conjunctivitis
Trematodes larvae in freshwater mollusks of the chornobyl zone of radioactive contamination
In 1986, at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Exclusion Zone after an industrial accident, ecosystems began to have a number of features that distinguish them from the objects of the natural reserve fund. Parasitic systems are an informative indicator of the state of the ecosystem, which is now sporadically applied in the Exclusion Zone. Any change in the parasite population can lead to changes in the host population. The degree of imbalance in the "parasite-host" system depends on the strength and nature of the influence of external factors. At the same time, the presence of mutual adaptations of parasitic organisms and mollusks gives grounds to consider the "parasite-host" system comprehensively. Freshwater gastropod mollusks of various systematic groups, which can be intermediate and secondary hosts for trematode agents, were selected as an object of the study. In order to study freshwater gastropod mollusks for the presence of larval stages of helminths, mollusks were collected from such locations as Krasne Lake, Ilya River, Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (Chornobyl NPP) cooling pond, bypass channel of the Chornobyl NPP cooling pond, left bank of the Pripyat floodplain, Koshevka oxbow lake, Hrubchansky canal in the Meshevo village. Based on the results of the research, the presence of larval stages of trematode agents at different stages of their development (redia and metacercaria) parasitizing in the freshwater mollusks Lymnae stagnalis and Radix auricularia was established. Key words: freshwater mollusks, trematodes, larval stages, Chornobyl Exclusion Zone.
Dynamics of serum protein content and productivity of chickens with different tonus of the autonomic nervous system
The main role in maintaining the functioning of the body, its growth and development belongs to protein. It is involved in the formation of the muscular skeleton and is part of enzymes, neurotransmitters, hormones. The effect of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) on total protein metabolism has not been sufficiently studied. It is known that ANS is a structure that is responsible for homeostasis and stability of the whole organism. It participatesinin the regulating the heart, endocrine and external secretion glands, gastrointestinal tract, excretory organs and more. In our studies, it was found that in chickens of Cobb 500 cross in different tones of ANS during the growing period from the 35th to the 60th day, different contents of total protein, albumin, globulin were observed and different body weights were recorded. Vagotonic chickens showed the lowest protein metabolism at the age of 35 and 45 days (P ˂ 0.05-0.001) compared with sympathicotonics and normotonics, which tended to increase between 35 and 60 days of rearing compared to other groups of birds, where the studied protein fractions on the contrary decreased. Correlations between total protein, albumin, and bird body weight had a high linear relationship in all groups of chickens (P ˂ 0.05; P ˂ 0.001) and a negative relationship between the 45th and 60th days of rearing in sympathicotonics and normotonics. In birds with a predominance of parasympathetic ANS tone, this correlation maintained its direction with high reliability (P ˂ 0.05) between body weight and body protein on the 60th day of rearing. Key words: sympathicotonia, vagotonia, normotonia, protein metabolism, albumin, globulin.
Morphogenesis of the wall of glandular part of the stomach in chickens during postnatal period of ontogenesis
Knowledge about the morphological features of the structure and functions of the digestive organs provide the basis for rational and effective use of feed, prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in poultry. In this regard, the study of the morphogenesis of the digestive system in birds and the mechanisms of their regulation is of great importance. The object of the study was the glandular part of the stomach (proventriculus) in Shaver 579 cross chickens. The material for macro- and microscopic examinations was selected from birds at age of 1, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, and 300 days and 1, 2, and 3 years; it was fixed in a 10% neutral formalin solution and embedded into paraffin according to conventional methods. For submicroscopic examinations, the material was selected from hens of this cross at age of 180 days. The structure of epitheliocytes in the superficial epithelium and secretory cells of the deep glands was studied in ultrathin sections. Digital indicators of research results were statistically processed by a personal computer using Microsoft Excel program. The glandular stomach in chickens is a direct extension of the esophagus and has the form of a thick-walled tube, the wall of which is formed by mucous, muscular, and serous membranes. The superficial epithelium of the mucosa is represented by cylindrical epithelial cells that are located within the basal membrane. They are linked to each other by different types of contacts and have a well-defined polar differentiation. The lobules of the deep glands are formed by cells with well-developed synthesizing organelles and secretory granules. The morphogenesis of the glandular part of the stomach in chickens according to age aspect is manifested by changes in morphometric parameters of the thickness and area of the membranes of its wall. The wall thickness increases (between the folds 4223.23 ± 189.25 and in the area of the folds 5561.32 ± 45.01 μm) unevenly in chickens up to age of 240 days. The most developed membrane of the wall of the glandular stomach is the mucosa. Its area increases (by 82.14 ± 0.56%) in chickens up to age of 180 days, and area of muscular and serous membranes decreases (by 15.54 ± 0.65 and 2.32 ± 0.33%, respectively). In older birds, the thickness of the wall and the area of the membranes of the glandular stomach do not change significantly. Keywords: chickens, stomach, morphometric parameters, mucosa, muscularis externa, serosa.
Influence of heavy metals on antioxidant system and biochemical indexes in rats
The study was undertaken to examine the effect of heavy metals on antioxidant system and biochemical indexes in the organism of rats. The influence of heavy metals on indexes of antioxidant system of lipid peroxidation processes indices, hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-active products and increase of activity of the antioxidant system enzymes (AOS) glutathioneperoxidase, glutationereductase, catalase and superoroxidedismutase in blood of rats was determined. It is established, that under the action of heavy metals in blood and liver of rats functions more intensively AOS. The study of enzyme activity showed the activation of the latter under conditions of heavy metal intoxication in 1.5 - 2.0 times (depending on a heavy metal), compared with control. We found that in intoxicated rats in all experimental groups, levels of total and direct bilirubin, creatinine, urea, compared with intact animals was increased. However, a decrease in the content of albumin, total protein, cholesterol and triglycerides was also found in all experimental groups, in relation to intact rats. At the action of heavy metals rises activity of α-amylase total, lactate dehydrogenase and concentration glucose in the blood of rats. According to the results of studies in intoxicated animals, compared with the intact group, there was a change in the cation-anion pool, in particular, a tendency to decrease the content of sodium and inorganic phosphorus and increase chlorides, magnesium, calcium and potassium. Keywords: rats, blood; liver; copper; zinc; cadmium; lead; antioxidant system.
Microscopic changes in the internal organs of white mice during experimental iron (iv) clathrochelate toxicosis
Iron (IV) clatrochelate based on a macrocyclic ligand of the hexahydrazide type is a unique compound that contains iron in a rare high valence IV. Preclinical and clinical studies of this complex, which were started for the first time in Ukraine, have an important theoretical and practical consequence as this complex can be recommended as an active substance in iron-containing drugs with antianemic action. In conducting preclinical studies of new drugs, pathomorphological studies are important because they are a necessary step in studying the biological response of animals to the action of test substances. It was found that some pathological changes develop in the body of white mice under conditions of experimental acute and chronic intoxication of iron (IV) clathrochelate. They correlated with the dose of the test compound. During chronic intoxication the microscopic changes of liver and kidney of white mice treated with iron (IV) clatrofelate at a dose of 1/10 DL50 were similar to the microscopic changes in the liver and kidney of mice treated with the experimental drug at a dose of 1/5 DL50. However, the severity of these changes was lower, reflecting a lower degree of organ damage. In the myocardium of mice treated with iron (IV) clatrochelate at a dose of 1/5 DL50 on the 10th day, as in acute poisoning of iron (IV) clatrochelate, only edema was recorded. The prospects for further research are the study of microscopic changes in the organs of laboratory animals of other species in experimental toxicosis of iron (IV) clathrochelate. Keyword: iron, pathomorphological studies, liver, kidneys, heart, toxicity.
Approximation of growth indicators and analysis of individual growth curves by linear dimensions of tubular bones in chickens of meat production direction during postnatal period of ontogenesis
To study the growth dynamics of poultry body weight, classical growth models of Gompertz were used, in particular for the growth and development of birds, Bertalanffy, Richards and hyperbolastic models to quantify the growth processes of biological objects. The research material was tubular bones of the sternum (humerus, ulna and radius) and pelvic (femurl, tibia and tarsal-metatarsal) limbs of poultry meat production (chickens-broiler and laying hens of the parent flock of crossbred broilers Cobb-500) of different age groups. postnatal period of ontogenesis. To solve this goal, to obtain growth curves and identify special points (extrema, inflections, etc.) to build a picture of the overall development of the body as a whole and individual limb bones, a corresponding regression analysis of experimental data based on known growth models. The most biologically suitable growth models for describing the growth dynamics of the body as a whole and individual studied bones were determined. The absence of a unified growth model of linear parameters of different tubular bones of meat-producing chickens in the postnatal period of ontogenesis was established. Hence the need for a clear selection of growth models taking into account age, species, breed, housing conditions and feeding of poultry. The growth model that best describes the body weight dynamics of chickens-broiler is the hyperbolastic growth model of the H3 type, and the laying hens of the parent broiler herd are the Brody growth model. Key words: growth models, tubular bones, body weight, meat-producing chickens.
Blood fatty acid composition in cows depending on the type of autonomic regulation in summer period
Coordination of Physiological activity and intensity of metabolism of various organs and tissues of a Productive animal, depending on environmental conditions and own needs, is Provided by regulatory activity of the corresponding nerve centers. However, the features of autonomous regulation of the nervous system in this matter can have a significant impact not only on the Physiological activity of animals, but also on its Productivity. Therefore, the question of studying the influence of autonomous regulation on the animal body in general and the interaction of the autonomic system and lipid metabolism is quite relevant. Groups of animals were formed by determining the state of the cardiovascular system according to Baevsky. Blood Plasma was used for the study, lipid extraction was Performed by the Folch method. Fatty acid analysis was Performed on a Trace GC Ultra gas chromatograph (USA) with a flame ionization detector. Studies have shown that the relative content of saturated fatty acids (NFA) in the blood of normotonics was the highest, compared with other groups: sympathotonics – by 1.9%; vagotonics – 0.48%. Regarding the concentration of NLC in sympathotonics, it should be noted that the content of stearic acid in comparison with other groups was the highest (18.07 ± 0.0; 1 P < 0.001), and NLC from C6 to C16 were characterized by the lowest values in compared to other experimental groups (C6: 0, P < 0.05; C10: 0, P < 0.01; C16:0, P <0.05). The total content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in the blood Plasma of animals classified as sympathotonics and vagotonics was 1.19% and 0.49% higher, respectively, compared to that of normotonics. Quite interesting is the fact that sympathotonics were characterized by the highest content of Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the content of which decreased in the range C18: 2n6 > C20: 4n6 > C18: 3n3 > C22: 6n3 > C22: 5n3, a similar sequence we observed in other groups, although the relative concentration of acids could fluctuate. Normotonics, even though they had the lowest content of NFA, compared to other experimental groups, still for some PUFA fatty acids (C18: 3n3, C22; 5n3, C22: 6n3) were characterized, compared to other groups, the highest rates (P < 0.05-0.01), while the NNLC (C18: 1n9, C20: 3n6) were the lowest. Thus, the type of nervous activity has a significant effect on the ratio of fatty acids in the blood Plasma of cows and autonomous regulation affects the Processes in the animal's body. Key words: cows, autonomous regulation, lipids, fatty acid composition
Modern strategy, new methods and means for control of helminthiases in Uzbekistan
Abstract. The modern strategy to control the main, widespread helminthiases of farm animals provides for a complex of anthelmintic measures, including planned therapeutic and preventive deworming based on data from the study of the epizootology of helminthiases in each specific climatic-geographical zone; the implementation of measures for the pasture prevention of geohelminthiases and the control of the main, intermediate, and additional hosts for causative agents of biohelminthiases, including zoonotic helminthiases (echinococcosis, cenurosis, and сycticercoses); the implementation of measures for chemoprophylaxis of helminthiases in certain branches of animal husbandry, for example, in sheep breeding; by using anthelmintic-salt mixtures; the use of agents that increase the immunobiological protective properties of the animal body against helminthiases and other diseases through the widespread use of vitamins, micro-and macroelements and other biological stimulants.
PRODUCTIVITY INDICATOR OF LAYING HENS UNDER ORGANIC KEEPING
Abstract. The article discusses the effectiveness of keeping laying hens in conditions of organic farming. The list of factors that directly affect poultry productivity under these conditions is given. The use of prophylactic preparations on the basis of probiotic microorganisms Lactobacillus plantarum and postbiotic "Bacteriosan" – a development of the Department of hygiene and sanitation named after A.K. Skorokhodko employees was proposed.In certified organic farming, in laying hens the following parameters were studied: live body mass, egg laying intensity, weight of egg and its components (protein and yolk), shell thickness. The analysis and interpretation of the obtained experimental data proved a positive effect of both these preparations in comparison with the control, however, the preparationpostbiotic "Bacteriosan" has shown a better effect. Keywords: organic eggs, laying hens, productivity, egg weight, protein, yolk, shell
Авторське право (c) 2019 Український часопис ветеринарних наук
Morphological and biochemical parameters in pig blood under use of lg-max and sel-plex feed additives in feeding
It is known that feed additives with Omega -3 improve the productivity and health of pigs. Evaluation of morphological and biochemical parameters of pig blood with the use of feed additives is a necessary study to establish scientific evidence of the effects on the body of additives used in pig feeding. The article presents scientific research to determine the morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in young pigs and pigs for fattening for the use in the diet of organic feed additives Lg-Max and Sel-Plex. Feed additives Lg-Max together with Sel-Plex, was introduced as part of a premix to animal feed of the experimental group, taking into account the need of animals in Omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids (daily requirement of pigs in Omega-3 is 672 mg. In 1 g of experimental feed additive contains 353 mg of Omega-3), and the drug Sel-Plex – in the amount of 0.5 mg / kg. According to the results of the study, it was found that the studied morphological parameters of pig blood were within physiological limits according to age. Biochemical parameters in the serum of the experimental group of pigs in comparison with the control of the corresponding age are in the following dynamics: in pigs of 45 days of age probably increases – the concentration of globulins; α 2-globulins and β-globulins, and probably decreases the content of AST; in pigs 120 days of age is likely to increase – the content of total protein and magnesium; probably decreases – the content of cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase; in 155-day-old pigs, the concentration of calcium probably increases, and the concentration of cholesterol probably decreases.
morphological and biochemical parameters of blood
Quality of raw milk and its fatty acid composition
Abstract. The study of the influence of the season on the organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of milk is still relevant. In addition, the ratio of fatty acids in the milk of cows characterizes the level of their feeding and the study of these indicators is relevant given the prevalence of adulteration of milk and dairy products with vegetable oils. The aim was to study individual indicators of raw milk quality depending on the season and its fatty acid composition. The material for the study was prefabricated chilled raw milk obtained at different times of the year on the dairy farm of NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station". The research was conducted in the accredited Ukrainian Laboratory of Quality and Safety of AIC NULES of Ukraine. Organoleptic, physicochemical, sanitary and hygienic were determined by generally accepted standard methods. The fatty acid composition of milk was investigated by gas chromatography. Extraction of lipids from milk was performed by the method of Folch. Analysis of LCD methyl esters was performed on a Trace GC Ultra gas chromatograph (USA) with a flame ionization detector. Identification of fatty acids was performed using a standard sample Supelco 37 Component FAME Mix. Quantitative evaluation of the fatty acid spectrum of milk fat lipids was performed by the method of internal normalization with their determination in percent. The study was performed in 2 parallels. Statistical processing of experimental data was performed by conventional methods of variation statistics. The probability of the difference in indicators was assessed by Student's t-test. Differences between the compared indicators were considered significant at the significance level P≤0.05. Studies have shown that milk organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of raw milk vary depending on the season. In terms of microbiological indicators, the milk corresponded to the first grade, although in winter, according to other indicators, it could be attributed to the extra, or at worst, to the highest grade. In addition, in winter the content of saturated fatty acids in milk increases. The content of unsaturated fatty acids increases in summer and autumn due to the presence of green mass and corn silage in the diet of cows. The obtained results can be used as a basis for preparing a diet to obtain milk with optimal content and ratio of fatty acids, which can become competitive in the market of raw milk to produce milk and dairy products of improved chemical composition, dietary, functional products, baby food. Key words: raw milk, quality, sanitary and hygienic indicators, fatty acids
Introduction to the economics of animal health in ukraine
The article examines the foundation , stages of formation and development of the economyanimal health . The main scientific schools and their contribution to the development of animal health economics are highlighted . It is established that the economics of animal health is a dynamic and relatively new field of research , currently little explored are economic tools that cover the problems of animal health and the functioning of the veterinary service. Relevant issues that directly engaged and involved , now , a small group of scientists, consultants and Narrow specialists. Currently, new priority areas for the development of animal health economics are the study of the economics of animal husbandry systems and animal health problems due to the impact of these systems, in particular transboundary emergent animal diseases. Undoubtedly, one of the main criteria for sustainable animal husbandry is animal welfare and biosecurity, which are priorities of the One World, One Health concept established by the FAO, OIE and WHO Triumvirate in 2009. It is the consolidation of these criteria and the laws of economics that will ensure the sustainable development of animal husbandry. It is extremely necessary to establish our own scientific school that will take into account the world experience, realities and peculiarities of veterinary medicine and animal husbandry and be implemented in modern science and production of Ukraine.
economic efficiency of veterinary measures.
Pathomorphological changes in cats with chlamidiosis
In recent years, there is a tendency to increase the incidence of the disease in dogs with signs of diarrhea, not only in Ukraine, but also in Europe. In general, diseases with the manifestation of such specific clinical sign as diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteria and helminths. In general pathology of dogs, enterovirus infections of puppies occupy a leading place. The practice of specific prophylaxis suggests that in the etiological aspect diseases emerging with this symptom can be caused not only by parvo-, but also corona- and rotavirus enteritis. These diseases are extremely dangerous for puppies and miniature dogs, due to rapid dehydration, and as a result, death. The article presents the results of a study on histological changes in organs and tissues of dogs with coronavirus infection. A histological study of pathological material sampled from 6 dogs of various breeds and sex, aged from 2 to 6 months, died from diarrheal syndrome was carried out. The presence of the coronavirus was confirmed in fecal samples by polymerase chain reaction. The most expressed injuries and typical changes in all dead dogs we recorded in the small intestine, namely in the jejunum and ileum, regional lymph nodes, and also in the spleen. Morphological manifestations of coronavirus infection in dogs at macroscopic level are the following signs: the presence of exudative inflammation in the small intestine in form of serous-fibrinous jejunoileitis, hyperplasia and serohemorrhagic lymphadenitis of the mesenteric lymph nodes, multiple foci of hemorrhage in the parenchyma of the spleen and serous membrane of the small intestine, passive venous hyperemia of the liver and kidneys, dilatation of the right ventricle of the heart, pulmonary edema, cachexia and dehydration of the body. At the microscopic level we registered the following: serofibrinous jejunoileitis, hyperplasia of the lymphoid nodules of the spleen and lymph nodes, hemorrhagic infarctions in the spleen, hyperplasia of individual and aggregated lymphoid nodules of the mucous membrane in the small intestine, degenerative processes in the parenchyma of the liver and kidneys.
Clinical efficacy of phospholipid-containing preparations of different origin under experimental gastroenteropathology in mice
Diseases of the digestive system are extremely common among animals, especially young animals. The purpose of this work was to determine the features of the corrective effectiveness of reparative agents based on phospholipids of various origins based on the results of a comprehensive study of clinical, hematological, immunological parameters and the structural and functional state of immunocompetent organs in CBA mice with experimental gastroenteropathology. As a result of the reproduction of an acute form of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis with diarrheal syndrome in CBA mice, the development of characteristic clinical symptoms was noted. Regardless of the nature of the origin of phospholipids, preparations based on them exhibited a pronounced reparative effect on cell damage. At the same time, the effectiveness of the dietary supplement "FLP-MD" based on phospholipids from milk according to some indicators turned out to be better than the preparation Essentiale-forte based on phospholipids from soybeans. Thus, the peculiarity of the effect of the dietary supplement "FLP-MD" on the organism of sick mice is the acceleration of the restoration of the general clinical state of the animals (on the 8-10th day from the beginning of the introduction of the dietary supplement into the body versus the 10-12th day when using the drug essentiale-forte), restoration of the mass of lymphoid organs (thymus and spleen); an increase in the relative number of T-lymphocytes in the blood by 1.4 times due to the activation of proliferative processes in the organs of the immune system (4.8 times in the spleen, 1.5 times in the thymus).
The effect of two different doses of selenium yeast and sodium selenite on selenium level in blood, colostrum, milk and metabolic profile in dairy cows
The aim of the study was to compare effects of two levels of selenium yeast (SY) and sodium selenite (SS) supplementation on blood, colostrum and milk Se levels, blood chemistry parameters in dairy cows under field conditions. The study included 36 Holstein cows from 5 weeks prepartum to 12 weeks postpartum. The cows were divided into 4 treatments (n = 9): 1. Negative Control (NC) – no Se supplement; 2. Positive Control (PC) – 0.3 ppm Se (from sodium selenite); 3. S1 – 0.3 ppm Se (from selenium yeast – SELSAF®, Lesaffre Feed Additives, France); 4. S2 – 5 ppm Se (SELSAF®, Lesaffre Feed Additives, France). At 5 and 1 weeks prepartum, on the calving day, and 4, 8, 12 weeks postpartum, blood samples were taken. Colostrum and milk were collected on the calving day and 4, 8 and 12 weeks postpartum and analysed for Se content. Initial Se status in all the cows was marginal. Negative Control cows showed suboptimal blood Se levels for the whole period under study. S1 and S2 showed significantly (P < 0.01) higher values than NC and PC cows. Colostrum Se levels were significantly higher in S1 (128.17 ug/L) and S2 (155.58 ug/L) than in NC (94.68 ug/L) and PC (99.3 ug/L) cows. Overall mean milk Se levels in S1 (20.4 ug/L) and S2 (50.0 ug/L) were higher than in NC (10.9 ug/L) and PC (16.6 ug/L). Biochemical indicators of blood did not significantly differ between the treatments and were within the physiological ranges. Se levels in whole blood, colostrum and milk, and GSH-Px activity were significantly increased by selenium yeast supplementation. The response was dose dependent and consistent. Selenium from organic source was more bioavailable than selenium from sodium selenite. Dietary Se at a tolerance dose (5 ppm) had no detrimental effect on the blood chemistry parameters analysed.
Calf rearing is critical to a successful dairy or beef cattle breeding. Maximum productivity at the lowest cost can be obtained from healthy calves only. Zootechnical, biochemical and economic research methods were used during the experiments. It has been determined that feeding calves with experimental milk replacer with milk period duration of 65 days allowed to obtain 692 g of the average daily weight gain for the experiment period, that is 2.3% lower than the control indicator. Feeding calves with WMR helps to reduce the cost of diet by 6.0% and the price cost of weight gain by 3.6%. Use of dry skimmed milk replacer and whole milk replacer during the rearing period, with milk period duration of 115 days, contributed to decrease in weight gain by 1.8 and 1.2% compared to the control variant. Feeding calves with DSMR and WMR helped to reduce the cost of diet by 10.3 and 5.8% and the price cost of weight gain by 8.5 and 4.8%. Feeding with DSMR and WMR in diet for young animals over 115 days of age during the post-milk period increases concentration of erythrocytes in blood by 10.0 and 9.8%, hemoglobin - by 5.8 and 3.9%, amount of glucose - by 11.0 and 9.5%. Inclusion of DSMR and WMR in diet for young cattle with milk period duration of 65 and 115 days contributed to increase in the average daily weight gain in the post-milk period by 9.2 and 10.7%, while reducing the cost of feed by 5.8 and 7.6%, price cost of weight gain by 6.1 and 7.7% and increase in additional profit in the amount of 8.35 (3.5 USD) and 10.58 (4.5 USD) rubles per animal during experimental period. In the future, it is necessary to improve the feeding system of young cattle using new developments in this area.
Immunological indicators of animal organisms under the influence of allogeneic adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells
Abstract. The studies were conducted on 2-3-months-old males of mice weighing 20-24 g. Оur work was to study the functional state of the organs of the immune system of C57Bl/6 mice after introduction of allogeneic MSCs of adipose tissue origin. Obtaining and cultivating of MSCs were carried out in a sterile laminar box with compliance of conditions of asepsis and antiseptics. C57Bl/6 mice adipose tissue cultured in a CO2 incubator at 37 оC and 5% CO2 inDMEM with 10-15% of fetal bovine serum, 1% of antibiotic-antimycotic solution (Sigma-Aldrich, USA). The following groups of animals were formed: 1 group – intact (control group); 2 group - animals, to whom 0.5 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution (placebo) were injected into the caudal vein; 3 group – animals, to whom were injected 104 of allogeneic MSCs from adipose tissue in 0.5 ml of phosphate buffer solution into the caudal vein. The weight index, content of lymphoid cells of thymus and spleen in C57Bl/6 mice investigated after the introduction of MSCs on 7, 18 and 25 days. To assess the content of lymphocytes in lymphoid organs, the latter were weighed. Whole thymus and 50 mg of spleen were triturated and filtered through the kapron tissue. After that, the tissue homogenate was applied to the gradient of ficoll-urografin (density 1.077) in a ratio of 3:2. The test tubes were centrifuged at a rate of 1500 rpm for 30-40 minutes. After centrifugation the layer of lymphocytes which was above the gradient was collected by a Pasteur pipette and washed twice with an arbitrary amount of Hanks' solution by centrifugation at a rate of 1500 for 10 minutes. 1 ml of Hanks's solution was added to lymphocytes after washing. Lymphocytes were counted in the Goryaev chamber. Calculation of the cells of lymphoid organs was performed on 1 mg of tissue. The administration of allogenic adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells affects on the central and peripheral organs of the immune system. Administration of allogenic adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells cause a significant increase in the content of lymphoid cells in the thymus at 7, 18 and 25 days by 71, 57 and 53 % respectively (*- p<0,05) compared to the control. Quantity lymphoid cells in the spleen significant increase at the 7 and 18 days of the immune response by 33 and 19 %, respectively (p<0.01, p <0.05) compared to the control under administration of allogenic adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells. On the 25th day, lymphoid cell and spleen index values return to normal. Weight index of the thymus and spleen directly correlates with the content of lymphoid cells in its. Key words: thymus, spleen, lymphoid cells, mice, weight index, allogenic mesenchymal stem cells, adipose tissue
Quality of meat for use of natural feed supplements in feeding of young pigs
Abstract. The overall tasting score of meat (23.83 ± 0.31 points) and broth (23.90 ± 0.24 points) from the experimental group of pigs fed the feed additive Lg-max 2.0 g / day, was higher, than in the control (22.33 ± 0.38 points) and the meat taste in this group was significantly higher by 13.95% (p <0.01), compared with the control. In contrast, in the meat of pigs fed the feed additive Lg-max 4.0 g / day, the indicator of appearance, smell (taste) and taste was significantly lower by 17.39% (p <0.01), by 23 , 40 (p <0.01) and 13.9% (p <0.05), compared with controls, respectively. The appearance of pig meat fed Lg-max 2.0 g / day with Sel-Plex was significantly lower by 10.87% (p <0.05) compared to the control. According to the indicators of the tasting evaluation of the broth from the meat of the experimental groups of pigs, no statistically significant difference was found with those in the control, which may indicate a positive effect of the studied feed additives on the organoleptic characteristics of pork. However, the odor of the broth (in the meat of pigs fed a feed additive Lg-max 4.0 g / day) was significantly lower by 20.8% (p <0,01), and the taste ( meat of pigs fed Lg-max feed additive 2.0 g / day together with Sel-Plex) – by 21.74% (p <0.05), compared with the control. According to microscopic and biochemical parameters, pork from experimental and control groups of pigs met the requirements of current regulations for fresh meat obtained from healthy animals. Key words: pork, microscopic and biochemical parameters, tasting, feed additives Lg-max and Sel-Plex.
Sterility monitoring of canine packed red blood cells
Abstract. Transfusing of whole blood and blood components has a constant risk factor – a microbial contamination. Because using of contaminated blood products can cause sepsis and high risks to the health of recipients. Violation of the rules of asepsis during blood donation, during the manufacture of blood products, damage to blood collection systems or their tightness, etc. can lead to microbial contamination. We examined 5 samples of preserved canine packed red blood cells, which were taken in closed systems, using CPDA anticoagulant and following storage at a temperature of + 2-6 ° C for 30 days. According to the results of bacteriological examination of samples of canine packed red blood cells (pRBC) after their storage, no non-sterile sample was found. Thereby, the method of blood collection using closed systems with CPDA anticoagulant is reliable and allows to obtain donor blood and blood components without loss of sterility during long-term storage. Keywords: canine packed red blood cells, microbial contamination, donor blood sterility
The role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of phosphorus and calcium metabolism in the blood of cows
Abstract. The leading role in the mobilization of the organism adaptive capabilities is played by neuro-humoral mechanisms, primarily the activity of the central nervous system. The full-value mineral nutrition of cattle depends on the provision of animals with macronutrients, which are included in the structure of many enzymes or are their activators, taking a leading role in redox reactions. The studies were carried out on cows of the Ukrainian black-and-white breed of 2-3rd lactation. By the results of the study of tone of the autonomic nervous system, 3 research groups were formed: І – normotonic, ІІ – vagotonic, ІІІ – sympathicotonic cows. Blood from cattle was obtained twice a year in summer and winter. Whole blood was stabilized with heparin, blood serum was obtained by sedimentation method, and blood cells – by centrifugation of heparinized blood, plasma collection and after triple washing of cells in cold isotonic solution, followed by centrifugation. The tone of the autonomic nervous system in cows in summer is inversely related to the content of phosphorus in whole blood (r = -0.73; P<0.05) and blood cells (r = -0.87; P< 0.001). However, in blood serum these relationships are unreliable both in summer and in winter (r=–0.,02–0.24). In winter, the tone of the autonomic nervous system in cows is inversely reliable associated only with the phosphorus content in whole blood (r=-0.81; P <0.01). Unlike the tone of the autonomic nervous system, the season has a significant effect on the calcium content in whole blood (F = 8.94> FU = 8.41; P<0.01), while the content of this element in the serum and blood cells of cows did not depend from the season. So, the tone of the autonomic nervous system and the season affect the content of calcium and phosphorus in the blood of cows. Keywords: higher nervous activity, types of higher nervous activity, nervous processes, autonomic nervous activity,
The use of gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles for the correction of reproductive ability in boars Under oxidative stress
Abstract. The search for effective and safe means of correcting male hypofertility is an urgent problem of modern reproductology. Researchers have proved the possibility of the use of nanoparticles based on oxides of rare earth elements for the treatment of disorders of male reproductive function. We investigated the effectiveness of the use of gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles activated by europium the size of which was 25×8 nm in the dose of 0,0125 mg per kg of live weight to correct reproductive ability decrease in boars under oxidative stress. After 14 days of hydrosol nanoparticles administration we established experimentally the dynamics of the content markers of oxidative stress and stable metabolites in the Nitrogen oxide cycle, and also determined the changes in sperm quality indicators. Thus, diene conjugates concentration in the blood serum of boars on the 15th day tended to decrease, and on the 30th day of the study was lower by 9,4 % compared to the group of animals before administration. At the same time the amount of thiobarbiturate-active products decreased on the 15th day of the study by 24,7 %, and on the 30th day – by 48,2 %, which indicates the normalization of oxidative processes in males. We noted positive changes in the system of the Nitrogen oxide cycle, the content of stable metabolites on the 15th day was lower than in animals before administration by 25,2 %, and on the 30th day – by 42,6 %. At the same time, we observed an improvement in the quality of boar sperm, especially motility and the number of motile sperm in the ejaculate increased by 42,9 % and 57,1 % on the 60th day and by 95,2 % and 1,48 times on the 90th the day of the study, respectively. In this case, the volume of ejaculate, sperm concentration and sperm content with morphological anomalies with the introduction of nanoparticles normalized and almost reached the values of the control group. The researchers are interested in further elucidating the effect of correction of reduced reproductive ability in boars under oxidative stress with gadolinium orthovanadate nanoparticles on hormonal background and the state of enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems of antioxidant protection. Keywords: sperm quality, prooxidant-antioxidant system, peroxidation, oxidative stress markers, the Nitrogen oxide cycle, nanomaterials
The effect of fenbensyl and fenbendazole on the antioxidant status of dogs during experimental invasion with the pathogen toxocariasis
Abstract. The article presents the results of studies of the effect of fenbensyl and fenbendazole on the antioxidant status of dogs in the experimental infestation of the pathogen toxocariasis. The experiments were performed on 18 dogs, two and four months old. Three groups of six animals in each were formed: control and two experimental groups. Puppies of all groups were experimentally infected with the pathogen toxocariasis at a dose of 5,000 invasive T. canis eggs per kg of body weight. The control group of dogs was as untreated control. Puppies of the first experimental group were fed with the drug “Fenbendazole” at a dose of 150 mg per 3 kg of animal weight once a day for three days in a single doze. Puppies of the second experimental group were fed with the drug “Fenbensyl” (TU U 00492990-027: 2020 The drug “Fenbensyl”) at a dose of 350 mg per 3 kg of animal weight once a day for three days. While studying the activity of the enzymatic link of the antioxidant defense system, namely catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, as well as non-enzymatic link: the level of reduced glutathione in animals of experimental groups found an increase in the activity of these indicators. It should be noted that the use of the drug “Fenbensyl” in infected dogs contributed to a better normalization of the antioxidant system in animals than the use of the drug “Fenbendazole”. The use of fenbensyl in infected dogs contributed to a more likely increase in the antioxidant status of the dogs of the second experimental group, as this drug includes milk thistle, which exhibits antioxidant properties due to the presence of silymarin, which restores damaged liver cell cells. Studies confirm the effectiveness of the use of milk thistle in the drug “Fenbensyl” in dogs with the development of toxocariasis invasion to activate the protective systems of their body.
Tilmicosin intake and distribution in the broiler chickens’ body with ornitobacteriosis
Abstract. One of the mTain indicators that determine the effectiveness of the antibiotic in the body is its ability to penetrate and accumulate in high concentrations at the sites of the pathological process. The article presents the results of studies of the intake, distribution and excretion of tilmicosin phosphate – the active substance of the tilmox 25% antibiotic from the body of broiler chickens cross KOBB-500, suffering ornithobacteriosis. It was found that 24 hours after the start of feeding the solution of the drug "Tilmox 25%" broiler chickens with ornithobacteriosis, most tilmicosin phosphate was contained in the lungs, while in the liver less than 1.6 times, kidneys - 3.0 times, heart muscle – 3.4 times, pectoral muscles – 3.5 times than in the lungs. After 48 and 72 hours, the tilmicosin content increased in all studied organs, but the pattern of its distribution was the same as after 24 hours. Tillmicosin phosphate levels in the lungs exceeded the values in the liver, kidneys, heart and chest muscles by 1.8, 2.7, 2.9 and 3.9 times, respectively, for 72 hours of the experiment. At 96 hours, tilmicosin levels were highest in the pectoral muscles, kidneys, liver, and lungs, and only slightly less in the heart than in previous study periods. The obtained results testify to the organ affiliation of tilmicosin phosphate to lung tissues in patients with ornithobacteriosis of broiler chickens. One day (120 h of the experiment) after discontinuation of tilmox 25%, the content of tilmicosin phosphate in the lungs, liver, kidneys, heart and pectoral muscles of broiler chickens was 53, 50, 57, 68 and 34%, respectively, according to 96 hours. The Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale sensitivity to tilmicosin and its distribution in maximum amounts in the lungs of broiler chickens with ornithobacteriosis provided a therapeutic effect, which was confirmed by microscopic studies. Studies on the pharmacokinetic properties of tilmicosin have been performed mainly in healthy birds. Therefore, the optimization of treatment regimens of already known antibiotics, which will be based on the study of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties not only on clinically healthy but also on diseased organisms is a relevant and important issue in the field of veterinary pharmacology. Keywords: tilmox 25%, tilmicosin phosphate, broiler chickens, ornithobacteriosis, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, pharmacokinetics, distribution, accumulation, excretion
Physicochemical and microbiological research of raw-milk material
Abstract. Introduction. Ukraine is actively implementing safety legislation and certain indicators of food quality, in particular raw milk, to the requirements of the European Union. Modern requirements for raw milk require careful analysis of hygienic indicators. Materials and methods. Raw milk materials supplied to Bila Tserkva Dairy Plant LLC and PJSC Vita Dairy Plant of Kyiv Region were studied. The number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (KMAFAM) and the species composition of the milk microflora, in particular, bacteria of the genus Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli bacteria (psychotrophs) and Physico-chemical methods were used to determine: density, mass fraction of dry matter, somatic cell content, acidity, purity group, mass fraction of protein and fat. Results and Discussion. According to research, the quality of farm milk is an order of magnitude better than milk obtained from private farms, in particular, KMAFAM. The technology of obtaining farmer's milk ensures its production of the highest and first grades, while the milk obtained in the conditions of private peasant farms – the first grade and non-grade. According to physicochemical parameters, milk obtained under different conditions did not differ significantly. Microbiological parameters differed significantly. The average number of MAFANM milk from private farms was 4361.25±241.15, which is 12.6 times higher than the number of MAFANM even milk of the first grade obtained in a dairy farm. Irrespective of the season and conditions of raw milk production, all tested samples met the requirements of the current DSTU for the absence of bacteria of the genus Salmonella in 25 cm3, Staphylococcus aureus, 0.1 cm3 and Listeria monocytogenes, 25 cm3. Bacterial bacteria were not detected in farm milk during the year, in contrast to milk from private farms, where this group of bacteria was detected in spring and autumn (20% of cases). Both in farming and in milk from private farms, a group of mesophilic microorganisms prevailed over spore-forming and psychrotrophic ones. However, their number was different. Prospects for further research are to determine the sources of various types of microorganisms in raw milk and to develop procedures to eliminate the possibility of contamination of milk with foreign microflora. Key words: raw milk, farm milk, milk from private farms, milk microflora, quality indicators
A clinical case of the treatment of the spine trauma with spinal cord injury in cat
Abstract. The article covers a clinical case of spinal cord injury with spinal cord injury in a cat. He was diagnosed with a bullet wound to the lumbar spine with spinal cord compression. Dorsal laminectomy was performed with removal of the bullet at the level of L3-L5. The operation was performed without complications with complete recovery of the animal after 2 months. Because the prognosis of functional recovery remains cautious in spinal cord injuries without deep pain perception, as spinal cord function is completely blocked, it is important to note that nociceptive pathways are most resistant to compression and ischemia. It is established that for the diagnosis and control of the results of treatment of spinal cord injuries in cats, the most appropriate is an X-ray examination of the damaged areas in lateral and dorsoventral projections using X-ray contrast agents (myelography). Laminectomy, which involves the partial or complete removal of an element that causes a compression effect, allowing additional free space to form for the spinal cord, is an effective method for treating spinal injuries and spinal cord injuries in cats. Additional stabilizing systems are used to fix the spine and preserve its functions. Laminectomy allows you to eliminate the pressure of other anatomical structures on the spinal cord of the animal and nerve endings by resection of the vertebral arches in the affected area, their spinous processes, intervertebral discs and more. To restore the functional state of the animal requires a comprehensive application of rehabilitation measures, such as control of motor activity of the animal (namely its restriction), massage, physiotherapy procedures aimed at reducing pain and improving blood circulation the injured area. Keywords: spine, vertebra, laminectomy, cat, trauma, spinal cord
Periodontal diseases in dogs (etiology, clinical signs, diagnosis)
Annotation. The number of non-communicable pathologies in dogs is increasing nowadays, and a large part of them are caused by diseases in the oral cavity area. A significant number of them are dental problems. One of them is periodontitis. More often non-pyodontitis occurs as a result of tooth fractures and the development of caries, which is complicated by necrotic pulp. The main forms of periodontitis in dogs: fibrotic, granulomatous, granulomatous and suppurative. The work describes clinical manifestations of periodontal pathology and interprets the radiological pictures taken for residual diagnosis of oral cavity pathology. Fibrous periodontium was found to be asymptomatic and characterized by insignificant even expansion of the periodontal fissure in the apex area. Granulomatous periodontitis is characterized by hemipermia and clear mucous membrane blistering in the projection area of the tooth root and neuromuscular ruining of crevices with deformation of periodontal cheeks. Granulomatous periodontitis is asymptomatic and is characterized by the development of a rounded defect of the cheek bone, which is associated with the zyodontitis periodontis and appears radiologically. It is quite common to see the formation of naries in the palatal area (quarter upper premolar). In cases of festering periodontitis in dogs, painful teeth, hyperemia and blistering of ash, nares, ruination and melting of periodontal ligament were noted. Periodontitis in dogs is mainly caused by tooth fractures and caries with necrotizing pulp. Odontogenic abscesses can be considered not only as an independent nosologic entity, but also as a kind of festering periodontitis. Granulomas of periodontal tissue are a part of chronic periodontitis, including similar etiology, pathogenesis, symptoms and localization. Key words: fistulas, caries, tooth fractures, deformity, periodontal virginity
Cortical mechanisms of regulation of lithium content in blood of cows depending on the seasons
Abstract. The behavior of farm animals, and especially cattle, is an important economic and useful feature that greatly facilitates the conditions of operation and production of livestock products. The parameters of the nervous system of cattle determine its behavior in various situations, in particular in the pen, walking, during milking. The optimal content of minerals in the body determines the normal course of metabolic processes and high productivity. According to the results of the study of conditioned reflex activity, four research groups were formed. Whole blood, serum, plasma and blood cells were used for laboratory analysis. According to the results of analysis of variance of Lithium content in different fractions of cows' blood, a probable interaction between the typological features of the nervous system and the time of year has not been established. The probable dependence on the type of higher nervous activity of cows and the content of Lithium in the serum (F = 13.2 > FU = 3.01; P < 0.001), whole blood (F = 14.8 > FU = 3.01; P < 0.001) and blood cells of cows (F = 23.1 > FU = 3.01; P < 0.001). In cows with a weak type of GNI, the content of Lithium in the serum and its cells was lower by 12.1% (P < 0.05) and 18.0% (P < 0.05), respectively, compared with cows with a strong balanced mobile type. Key words: higher nervous activity, macronutrients, types of higher nervous activity