ECOLOGICAL-HYGIENIC SAFETY OF POULTRY FARMS OF ODESSA REGION

Abstract

It is known that heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, mercury,
manganese, nickel, copper and others) enter the chemical and biochemical
processes of agriculture and, in the majority, negatively affect the quality of
agricultural products by accumulation in living organisms [3, 4].
The content of trace elements in natural waters is usually low, and the
content of many elements is more often beyond the sensitivity of detection by
conventional chemical or physical and chemical methods [5]. For reservoirs
the most typical migration of trace elements in a weighted state [6].
Plants are able to accumulate trace elements and heavy metals in tissues or
on the surface, while showing themselves as an intermediate link between "soil -
plants - animals". It is known that the chemical composition of plants depends on
the composition of the soil on which the plants sprout, but does not repeat it,
because the plants selectively absorb the elements necessary for themselves,
depending on the physiological and biochemical needs [8].
In view of the fact that the flow of chemical elements, including VM into
the bird body, occurs in combination with air, drinking water and, to a large
extent, feed [6], it is necessary to conduct research (tests) on the content of
toxic and essential microelements in diets for feeding.
Summing up the ecological and hygienic safety of poultry farms of the
Odessa region, it can be said that the content of heavy metals and selenium in
the objects of the geotechnical system was 0.15 ± 0.01 mg / kg of cadmium,
copper 0.9 ± 0.01 mg / kg, lead 11.8 ± 1.5 mg / kg, zinc 7.4 ± 0.6 mg / kg and
selenium 0.4 ± 0.04 mg / kg, water content of zinc was 2.2 ± 0.3 mg / l and
copper 0.2 ± 0.01 mg / l, respectively, and the content of cadmium, lead and
selenium in general was less than <0.001 mg / g, in the mixed fodders closely
correlated with the corresponding compounds in water (R = 0.98, p < 0.001)
and soil (R = 0.34, p < 0.05), in addition, comparing the content of heavy
metals and villages Well in the chicken bearings, it can be said that their
highest concentration was observed in succulent feeds compared to rough and
concentrated ones and amounted to 0.11 ± 0.001 mg / kg of cadmium, 9.5 ±
0.1 mg / kg of copper, 0.5 ± 0,01 mg / kg of lead, 19,7 ± 0,2 mg / kg of zinc,
0,30 ± 0,02 mg / kg of mercury and 0,16 ± 0,01 mg / kg of selenium.
Considering that the increase in the number of toxicants over time can
lead to the accumulation of their amount in living organisms and products, this
fact makes it impossible for commercial use of the corresponding poultry
products. Therefore, in the future it is necessary to systematically monitor the
research (tests) of the specific features of the accumulation and distribution of
toxic and essential biomicroelements in the system "Soil-feed-organism of
hens-bearers", as well as to ensure the sanitary and epidemic safety of the
population by fortifying feed of productive poultry.
Keywords: heavy metals, soil, water, feed