Land Management, Cadastre and Land Monitoring
“Land Management, Cadastre and Land Monitoring” is a professional, peer-reviewed scholarly journal that publishes cutting-edge research in the fields of land relations, land management, cadastre, land monitoring, land-use economics, and related interdisciplinary areas. We serve researchers, practitioners, and the policy and governance community who require evidence-based solutions, reproducible methods, and analytics capable of shaping contemporary policy and practice in the management of land resources. Scope and Focus The journal considers manuscripts that report original scientific results with clearly described methods, sound statistical/econometric data processing, and conclusions of theoretical and applied value. Priority is given to studies that: propose new approaches, models, methodologies, and tools in land management and cadastre; elucidate the economics and institutional architecture of land use and land markets; analyse land policy, regulation, and governance (in national and international contexts); employ spatial data, GIS/remote sensing, monitoring, and the assessment of land-use quality and change; address sustainable development, ecosystem services, soil degradation, risks, and adaptation. We welcome both empirical research and methodological/synthesising papers that set the agenda and raise standards of evidence in the field.
Національний університет біоресурсів і природокористування України
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Theoretical foundations of institutional change in land management under conditions of Ukraine’s European integration, the legal regime of martial law, and for the purposes of post-war recovery
The transformation of Ukraine’s land legislation in connection with integration into the European Union is significantly complicated by the legal regime of martial law and requires, among other things, consideration of the tasks and priorities of the country’s post-war reconstruction. In this context, institutional changes are taking place aimed at improving land resources governance and mitigating the full range of risks in this sphere. However, these processes lack a unified methodological foundation, which threatens their overall success. This article is devoted to substantiating the theoretical foundations of institutional change in the field of land resource governance in accordance with the theory of change approach, using the Grassroots Development Framework and an integrated human rights-based approach, in particular the right of access to land. To identify the key points of institutional changes, the study involved the analysis of the main requirements of the European Union legislation concerning land, the examination of national land legislation and the impact of the legal regime of martial law on it, as well as the assessment of the needs and goals of post-war reconstruction. It is demonstrated that the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine significantly affects institutional changes and institutional support for land management, necessitating temporary adjustments to legal and organizational mechanisms for land resources governance. It is substantiated that, during post-war recovery, institutional changes in land management become critically important and fundamental for effective land resources governance and ensuring food, technological, economic security, and access to land. Major challenges include the restoration of destroyed infrastructure, demining, and the return of lands to productive use. Meanwhile, the design of a strategic agricultural development plan, aligned with European principles and the European Union Common Agricultural Policy, provides opportunities to improve the land management system. A robust and coherent theoretical and methodological framework for the institutional changes taking place in the field of land management and land resources governance in Ukraine will make it possible to plan transformations strategically, thereby aligning and monitoring objectives and outcomes at both the European Union and national levels, in the current period and in addressing post-war challenges related to land use and agricultural development. Keywords: land management, land resources governance, institutional changes, theory of change, European integration, martial law, post-war recovery, right to land, food security.
Copyright (c) 2025 Землеустрій, кадастр і моніторинг земель https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Towards a contemporary theory of land management
The article is devoted to the formation of the modern theory of land organisation as an independent fundamental scientific discipline through the systematic formulation of its subject and object, identification of leading theoretical models, articulation of the axiomatic basis, and organization of methodological tools capable of ensuring the transition from an ecosystem-technocratic understanding of space to its institutional-value comprehension. Building on a critical analysis of the international paradigm of land administration, Ukrainian doctrinal developments, institutional theory, property rights theory, and spatial economics, the object and subject matter of land organisation are clarified: the object is recognized as a multidimensional socio-spatial continuum in which territory is transformed into an ordered space of rights, restrictions, regimes, rents, and risks; the subject matter is the emergence, structure, and dynamics of spatial land-use regimes as a system of legal titles, servitudes (easements), zones, corridors, and reservations in multi-layer (surface–subsurface space–air column) and multi-temporal dimensions. An axiomatic core of the theory of contemporary land organisation is formulated. It is shown that land organisation methodology should include institutional analysis, theoretical-legal dogmatics of spatial regimes, spatial-economic modelling of rents, topological and network approaches, environmental accounting, geoinformation and algorithmic modelling, scenario analysis, and procedures of spatial justice. The core of the scientific problems of land organisation theory is generalized and systematized, the solution of which is a necessary precondition for the transition from fragmented normative-technical practice to institutionally mature spatial governance. The practical significance of the results lies in creating a conceptual framework for updating educational programmes, improving cadastral and planning systems, and developing standards for managing the value of space under conditions of digitalization and the growing role of spatial justice. Keywords: land organisation theory; spatial land-use regimes; boundaries and borders; spatial value; axiomatic framework of land organisation; land administration methodology; digital cadastre; institutional design; spatial governance.
axiomatic framework of land organisation
Copyright (c) 2025 Землеустрій, кадастр імоніторинг земель https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Mobile LiDAR, geoinformation technologies and crowdsourcing for the documentation and preservation of cultural heritage objects in territorial communities
The article substantiates the integrated use of LiDAR technologies, geographic information systems (GIS) and crowdsourcing approaches for identifying, recording and monitoring historical and cultural heritage sites within local communities. It is emphasised that in the context of military action, urbanisation pressure and territorial transformations, cultural heritage is considered an important resource for sustainable development in accordance with UNESCO approaches and the World Heritage Sustainable Development Policy (2015). It is shown that modern LiDAR systems, including sensors built into smartphones, provide dense point clouds and three-dimensional models of objects with sufficient accuracy to solve a significant part of the tasks of documentation and operational monitoring, although they are inferior to high-precision ground and airborne laser scanners. Particular attention is paid to the hypothesis regarding the possibility of creating 3D models of cultural heritage objects using common smartphone models with built-in LiDAR sensors and assessing the accuracy of measurements of such models. To test the approach, a field scan of the local hydrological natural monument "Natural Spring" within the Shpanivska territorial community of the Rivne region was performed using a smartphone with a LiDAR module. Processing point clouds in Polycam, AutoCAD, PIX4D, 3ds Max, and Blender software made it possible to build a 3D model of the structure and estimate the relative error in measuring linear dimensions. For a reference section 210 cm long, the relative measurement error was 2.04%, which is consistent with the results of international studies on the accuracy of mobile LiDAR sensors, which demonstrate millimetre-centimetre accuracy for small objects and centimetre-decimetre errors in complex environments. The technical limitations of mobile LiDAR (limited scanning range, reduction in density and accuracy with distance, sensitivity to surface properties, influence of the operator's scanning trajectory, need for control measurements) were analysed and the prospects for their application for mass crowdsourced data collection on heritage objects were demonstrated. Based on an analysis of geocrowdsourcing experience, it is argued that the combination of the prevalence of smartphones, mobile LiDAR sensors and web GIS creates the conditions for the formation of distributed information systems for recording, monitoring and preliminary assessment of the condition of monuments at the level of local communities, provided that data standardisation and quality control procedures are implemented. Keywords: geoinformation technologies, Lidar, amalgamated territorial community, historical and cultural heritage, sustainable development.
Geoinformation technologies for modeling the state of geosystems
Algorithm for the Use of Geoinformation Technologies for the Purpose of Geoecological Monitoring of Territorial Communities
The article discusses the role and capabilities of modern geoinformation technologies in the process of geo-ecological monitoring of territorial communities. The growth of anthropogenic pressure, climate change and active development of land resources necessitate the introduction of innovative tools for timely detection, analysis and forecasting of the state of the environment. Geoinformation systems ensure the integration of different types of spatial data, their modelling and rapid visualisation, which enables local authorities to make scientifically sound management decisions on the use of natural resources, spatial planning and environmental safety at the local level. The study analyses the main functional capabilities of geographic information systems, in particular spatial analysis, geostatistics, risk modelling and scenario forecasting. Particular attention is paid to the use of remote sensing of the Earth to assess the dynamics of natural processes such as soil degradation, changes in vegetation cover, water balance and pollution detection. Examples are given of the application of integrated geoinformation solutions in communities for monitoring land conditions, analysing environmental sustainability and monitoring compliance with environmental protection standards. The results of the study prove that the introduction of geoinformation technologies into the geo-ecological monitoring system is a key condition for improving the efficiency of natural resource management at the level of local communities. The use of integrated geospatial data allows for more accurate assessment of environmental threats and the development of sound sustainable development strategies. Thus, geoinformation systems serve as the basis for the creation of modern monitoring systems that meet the requirements of adaptive management in the environmental sphere. Keywords: geoinformation systems, geo-ecological monitoring, amalgamated territorial community, land resource management, land use planning, rational land use.
Laser scanning and creation of a bim model of the building No. 1 NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI” as a method of visualizing historical and architectural heritage
The article describes a comprehensive approach to obtaining and processing data after terrestrial laser scanning of an architectural monument and creating a BIM model of a fragment of the facade of a historic building – the First Building of the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. In the course of this work, modern methods of spatial fixation of the object under study were used, including high-precision 3D scanning with a Leica ScanStation C10 scanner, point cloud registration, data filtering, and the results of their further processing in Leica Cyclone REGISTER 360 and Autodesk ReCap software, and the construction of an informational 3D model of this building in the Autodesk Revit environment. Foreign and domestic experience in performing such work has been analyzed. It has been shown that one of the most effective methods of spatial documentation is terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), which provides a high-precision point cloud that reflects the actual shape of an object with an accuracy of several millimeters. International studies show that Scan-to-BIM technology is key in the processes of digital restoration and planning of reconstructions of historical objects. It is noted that Ukraine lacks systematic applied research that would combine these technologies into a comprehensive algorithm for specific historical and architectural objects. This circumstance indicates the practical importance of this research and the need for further development of methods for documenting historical facades using modern geodetic and geoinformation technologies. The article pays particular attention to ensuring high data accuracy, station registration algorithms, scan parameter selection, and the potential for further use of the model in restoration work, technical condition monitoring, and digital conservation of cultural heritage objects. The LOD 300 model confirms the possibility of high-quality reproduction of the geometry of historical objects using Scan-to-BIM technology in the Ukrainian context. Keywords: terrestrial laser scanning, point cloud, TLS, BIM model, Scan-to-BIM, digital preservation, historic building, architectural heritage, Autodesk Revit, Leica ScanStation C10, point cloud registration, Cyclone REGISTER 360, HBIM, facade restoration, 3D modeling, geodetic documentation, information modeling, measurement accuracy, LOD 300, digital reconstruction.
Topographic and Geodetic and Сartographic Support in Land Management
Copyright (c) 2025 Scientific and industrial journal "Land management, cadastre and land monitoring" https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The article examines the process of creating a real estate cadastre in Ukraine and the directions of development based on the analysis of the experience and practices of the European Union. It is emphasized that the importance of correcting the misunderstandings created in this area of relations regarding the definition of real estate adopted in Ukraine and in the World, taking into account the recommendations of the World Bank on the unification of fragmented institutional approaches to property registration, its valuation and tax administration. The emphasis is on the continuous development of integration processes in this area in the EU countries and the World on the basis of a coordinated view of the future development of these systems, taking into account the conclusions drawn from the practice of implementing the future vision of the modern cadastre by 2014 and from the perspective of 2035, as well as on the importance of Ukraine's accession to this process to create favorable conditions for the development of market relations and the activation of investment activities. It is determined that the strategic direction in the context of European integration is the harmonization of Ukraine's cadastral policy with EU standards. It is proposed to continue the implementation of the Decree of the President of Ukraine on the cadastral system of 2003 by creating a multifunctional cadastre, which will include property rights registers, cadastral valuation of property and other state registers and cadastres. The article emphasizes the importance of unification and modernization of the system to increase its efficiency and compliance, based on proven modern practices, with international requirements. Keywords: real estate cadastre, cadastral system, European Union, land, real estate.
The impact of climate change on the efficiency of agricultural crop cultivation in Rivne region.
This article examines the impact of climate change on the efficiency of agricultural crop cultivation in Rivne Region, which serves as a representative area for studying adaptation processes under changing climatic conditions in northwestern Ukraine. It has been established that rising average annual temperatures, decreasing uniform precipitation, and more frequent droughts significantly affect the yields of major crops and cause their spatial differentiation. The study includes a spatial analysis of agricultural production, an assessment of climate-related risks across the administrative districts of the region, and an identification of regional differences in the effects of climatic factors. An economic evaluation of the efficiency of growing various crops under the new climatic conditions was conducted. The results indicate the need to adjust crop structure in favor of more adaptive and profitable crops such as potatoes, maize, open-field vegetables, and fruit and berry crops. An optimized structure of cultivated areas, adapted to current agro-climatic conditions of the region, is proposed. The study employs an interdisciplinary approach that integrates agro-climatic analysis, economic assessment, and spatial modeling. The findings can be used to develop strategies for adapting the agricultural sector to climate change, ensuring food security, and enhancing the economic resilience of agricultural production in Rivne Region and similar regions of Ukraine. Keywords: climate change; agriculture; economic efficiency; crop yield; agroclimatic risks; spatial analysis; crop structure; food security
Intelligent technologies in the evolution of electronic geodetic instruments: conceptual basis for the integration of artificial intelligence into spatial management systems and geoinformation environments
The article explores the issue of intellectualisation of electronic geodetic instruments in the context of spatial management systems, emphasising the transformation from automated procedures to adaptive self-learning technological solutions with the integration of digital ethics principles. An algorithmic analysis is implemented using the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and recurrent Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network architectures for adaptive filtering of information flows, as well as geospatial statistics and GIS visualisation methods for verifying coordinate consistency. The obtained scientific results indicate that intellectualisation determines the transformation to cognitive systems with sensor integration (GNSS, IMU, EDM), achieving millimetre accuracy using artificial intelligence algorithms – particularly EKF and LSTM – for predictive modelling of errors and auto-correction. It was established that cloud infrastructure and interoperability with GIS platforms (ArcGIS, QGIS) form a unified digital environment with data validation mechanisms, which increases metrological stability and ethical accountability of systems. The practical significance of the study is determined by the improvement of public administration systems, in particular urban planning, land cadastral accounting and infrastructure monitoring, where intelligent devices provide real-time data updates and preventive risk management. The study contributes to increasing the transparency of state registers through digital measurement passports, reducing errors and legal conflicts in the geoinformation environment. Prospects for further scientific exploration include the development of ethical standards for artificial intelligence in geodesy and integration with Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to establish global monitoring networks. Keywords: intellectualisation, geodetic instruments, sensor integration, artificial intelligence, geographic information systems, public spatial management.
The effectiveness of bio-melioration technologies in restoring and improving the fertility of degraded soils
The article addresses the pressing issue of soil degradation and substantiates the necessity of applying biomelioration methods as a key tool for restoring soil fertility. The purpose of the study is to analyze and systematize data on the impact of biomelioration techniques based on fertility indicators of degraded soils. A comprehensive research approach was employed, which included the analysis of scientific publications as well as practical examples of biomelioration methods used to improve the fertility of degraded soils. Fertility is defined as a combination of three main properties: physical, chemical, and biological. The study highlights the influence of biomelioration methods on fertility restoration through the accumulation of organic matter, stimulation of biological activity, and improvement of soil structure. The main biomelioration techniques and their effects have been examined. Phytoremediation is considered as a measure aimed at reducing toxic elements in contaminated soils by cultivating special plants capable of removing or localizing toxic substances within the root zone or aerial parts. The role of organic farming as a biomelioration method has been determined. A schematic model illustrating the mechanism of biomelioration effects on soil fertility is presented, along with recommendations for implementing a complex system of biomelioration practices to effectively restore degraded soils in Ukraine. It is noted that further research should focus on the development of regionally adapted biomelioration systems and the assessment of the long-term economic impact of their implementation. Keywords: soil degradation, soil fertility, biomelioration, green manures, phytomelioration, phytoremediation, microbial preparations, organic farming.
Intelligent technologies in electronic geodetic systems for public spatial management: evolution from automation to digital ethical standards
The article is devoted to the intellectualization of electronic geodetic instruments (EGI) and the development of conceptual foundations for integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into the geoinformation environment (GIS) to enhance the efficiency of spatial management systems. The study presents a developed architectural model of an intelligent spatial management system, which includes the interaction of electronic instruments, sensor modules, GIS platforms, and analytical AI services. The proposed concept of EGI intellectualization is based on three main vectors: autonomy of the measurement process (through machine learning, ML, for object recognition and self-diagnostics), adaptability to environmental conditions (via environmental impact correction and noise reduction), and integrativity with GIS. The research describes the use of AI methods, including deep neural networks (YOLO, Mask R-CNN, U-Net, PointNet) for automatic detection and classification of objects in images and point clouds, as well as for real-time evaluation and correction of GNSS errors using neuro-Kalman filters. The practical directions of model implementation include automated monitoring of engineering structure deformations and intelligent UAV data processing for updating topographic maps. According to the findings, the phased integration of AI transforms EGI into intelligent sensors capable of autonomously assessing data quality and interacting with GIS, thereby providing a reliable foundation for smart cities and sustainable territorial development. Keywords: intellectualization, artificial intelligence (AI), electronic geodetic instruments (EGI), GIS environment, spatial management systems, object detection, GNSS correction.
Application of artificial intelligence neural networks in photogrammetric processing of digital data
The article examines the impact of artificial intelligence neural network algorithms on the process of photogrammetric processing of digital images and the formation of dense point clouds. It is noted that the integration of machine learning algorithms, in particular deep learning, allows you to automate key processing stages, increase the accuracy of object classification, optimize geometric correction of images and improve the quality of final geospatial products in the form of an orthophotomap of the area. The main stages of the photogrammetric process are described: from collecting primary data to forming orthophotomaps and three-dimensional terrain models. Particular attention is paid to the role of the neural network in improving the density of the point cloud due to the correct interpretation of points on digital images, object classification and reducing the influence of the human factor. The challenges associated with the need for large volumes of high-quality training data are identified. The prospects for the application of AI neural networks in photogrammetry and the need for further research in this direction are substantiated. Keywords: neural network, artificial intelligence, photogrammetry, machine learning, point cloud, orthophotomap, 3D model, digital image. The article considers the impact of artificial intelligence neural network algorithms on the process of photogrammetric processing of digital images and the formation of dense point clouds. It is noted that the integration of machine learning algorithms, in particular deep learning, allows you to automate key processing stages, increase the accuracy of object classification, optimize geometric correction of images and improve the quality of final geospatial products in the form of an orthophotomap of the terrain. The main stages of the photogrammetric process are described: from collecting primary data to forming orthophotomaps and three-dimensional terrain models. Particular attention is paid to the role of the neural network in improving the density of the point cloud due to the correct interpretation of points on digital images, object classification and reducing the influence of the human factor. The challenges associated with the need for large volumes of high-quality training data are identified. The prospects for the application of artificial intelligence neural networks in photogrammetry and the need for further research in this direction are substantiated. Keywords: neural network, artificial intelligence, photogrammetry, machine learning, point cloud, orthophotomap, 3D model, digital image.
Ontology of boundaries in contemporary land management: from geometry to regimes of rights and values
The paper reconceptualizes the boundary in contemporary land management as an institutional–regime category that transcends the geometric view of a dividing line. Drawing on comparative-historical and institutional analysis, deontic modeling, and formal ontologization via LADM, it substantiates a shift from a material-geometric to a regime-based ontology of space, where the boundary operates as an event-relation constituting rights, restrictions, liabilities, and rent flows. Four structural levels—material, legal, informational, and ecological—are identified, and their supervenient couplings are explicated, showing how procedural and data validity causally ground the legitimacy of spatial regimes. The paper formulates principles of boundary ontological design (constitutiveness of procedure, multimodality, adaptability, quality metrics, compatibility and priorities, value transparency) enabling the integration of legal norms, spatial data, and land-value governance mechanisms. Practical relevance includes a transition from a “registry of lines” to a dynamic regime model of space for cadastral and planning systems, improving decision quality, reducing conflicts, and enabling transparent value sharing. The study positions itself as a contribution to the formation of land management theory as a foundational discipline and outlines follow-up work on regime formalization, GeoBIM integration, and legitimacy assessment procedures. Keywords: boundary; spatial ontology; land management; LADM; institutional regimes; rights and restrictions; 3D/4D cadastre; interoperability; value capture; spatial governance.
Land relations and current problems of land reform
An integrated approach to planning, assessing and implementing the removal of topsoil: from regulations to evidence-based land management practices
Scientific and methodological approaches to the development of land protection measures in modern land management documentation are proposed. The article considers modern requirements for the development of working land management projects for the removal and transfer of the fertile soil layer in accordance with the regulatory framework of Ukraine. The main tasks of such projects are outlined, including ensuring the rational use and preservation of soil fertility, minimizing the negative consequences of economic activity and restoring disturbed lands. An analysis of key indicators that determine the feasibility of removing and storing soil layers is carried out: humus content, acidity, exchangeable sodium content and granulometric composition. It is shown that compliance with these parameters is an important factor in environmental safety and sustainable development of agricultural production. The content of land management working projects includes design tasks, an explanatory note, a description of natural conditions, the results of soil and geodetic surveys, design decisions for determining a set of land protection measures, plans for agricultural soil groups and calculations of the estimated cost of work. Such a structure ensures the scientific validity of decisions and the practical effectiveness of their implementation. The article summarizes current knowledge and practices in the field of land management, offering a comprehensive approach to the development of land management working projects. The proposed rules and recommendations can serve as a basis for specialists engaged in land management, agronomy and ecology. Keywords: land protection, land management, land improvement, land management, land management documentation, topsoil removal, land management working project.
Designing water protection zones using GIS tools
The regulatory and legal principles of designing water protection zones and their role in protecting the natural environment, determining the boundaries of coastal protection strips and the influence of relief on the size of restriction zones are analyzed. The territory of the Kamianopotokivska territorial community in the Kremenchuk district of the Poltava region is studied. The water bodies in the study area were classified, and the normative values of coastal protection strips were determined based on their sizes, in accordance with current legislation requirements. Based on open data on the relief of the territory, slopes were calculated and doubling of coastal protection strips within slopes exceeding 3 degrees was provided. A geospatial dynamic model for designing water protection zones, taking into account legislative norms and terrain and their impact on activities, has been developed. The model was created and tested using the Model Builder software module in ArcGIS Pro. As a result of the study, the geospatial model was applied to the collected input data and water protection zones were designed within the study area. The territories were identified and analyzed, the ownership rights of which are encumbered in accordance with the designed water protection zones. This model is dynamic and suitable for use for production purposes at the local level (within territorial communities). Key words: water protection zone; coastal protective strip; territorial community; water bodies; design of water protection zones; GIS technologies; geoinformation systems.
Designing a conceptual model of the geospatial database for hazardous animal burial sites affected by anthrax
The article presents the author's approach to the systematization and accumulation of geospatial and attributive data on dangerous burials of animals that died from anthrax. Anthrax is a zoonotic disease, the spores of which can remain viable in the soil for decades, posing a potential threat. Burials of animals not carried out in biothermal pits (mainly before 1954) do not provide an adequate level of safety. In the event of a shift in the soil cover, spores can reach the surface and cause new cases of the disease among wild and domestic animals, as well as infection of people. A significant part of such burials does not have clearly established boundaries of land plots and established regimes of limited use of adjacent territories, which complicates control over their condition. As part of the study, the available geospatial and attributive data on dangerous burials were structured, and a conceptual model of a geospatial database was developed, which ensures the accumulation, structuring, and systematization of data. The model is built using UML notation and is presented in the form of a class diagram that reflects the main structural elements of the database and their attributes. The results obtained can be used to create a physical model of a geospatial database for the registration (register) of lands with dangerous burials of animals that died from anthrax, as well as for the further development of the monitoring system, planning of sanitary and protective measures, establishing regimes of limited land use, etc. Keywords: geospatial database, conceptual model, anthrax.
Digital agronomy: smart decision-support workflow for climate‑resilient farming in the Kyiv agglomeration
Rapid metropolitan growth is reshaping agrarian viability in peri-urban regions. Using the Kyiv agglomeration as a data-rich testbed, this study couples a modular UAV–AI decision-support workflow with empirical constraints emerging from land use, labour markets, logistics, and land rents. Regional evidence shows agricultural land has been squeezed to 0.21% of the area (≈0.18 k ha), against >54% green zones; wage differentials (16,500 UAH food processing vs 14,000 UAH agriculture) and transport costs of 20–250 UAH/km undermine farm margins and labour retention, while prime‑zone rents up to 25 million UAH/ha/year intensify conversion pressure (Kyiv & oblast baseline tables and figures). These structural frictions motivate digital agronomy that is explicitly policy‑ and cost-aware. We therefore prototype a decision-support workflow that fuses UAV/satellite imagery, in-field IoT, and historical climate/crop data with administrative‑economic layers (rents, wage gradients, haulage costs). The system translates multisource inputs into actionable stress detection, irrigation timing, and input allocation recommendations. At the same time, a logistics module evaluates route/vehicle choices under peri-urban cost profiles—a stakeholder‑co-design process (farmers, processors, and planners) anchors usability and transferability. We report (1) the peri-urban baseline for Kyiv (land, wages, logistics, enterprise distribution), (2) the architecture of the UAV–AI workflow and integration points with farm CRMs and public agri‑data, and (3) an evaluation framework linking agronomic KPIs to spatial‑economic constraints for resilient adoption. The approach is designed for cross-border replication (Ukraine - Germany) and to inform respectable policy outputs on digital land management and peri-urban agrifood resilience. Keywords: precision agriculture, digital agronomy, UAV, AI decision support, peri-urban farming, land use change, logistics costs, Kyiv agglomeration, resilience, policy integration.
Application of GIS technologies to assess the impact on the surrounding environment of the location of wind power plants using the example of "Polonina Runa" of the Turye-Remetivskaya ah community
In the current context of renewable energy development, the most important task is to minimize the environmental impact of wind farms (WPPs) on the environment. The use of geographic information systems (GIS) allows for effective analysis and modeling of the impact of WPP placement, taking into account environmental, landscape, climatic and social factors. The article considers the use of geographic information systems (GIS) to assess the environmental impact of the location of a wind farm (WPP) on the territory of the "Polonyna Runa" tract of the Turye-Remetivka territorial community. The study involves the collection and processing of spatial data, including relief, wind speed and direction, the presence of protected areas and habitats of sensitive flora and fauna. GIS will be used to analyze visual and noise impacts, assess risks to biodiversity and public health, and model alternative siting options. The assessment results contribute to making informed decisions regarding the choice of a location for wind power plants, reducing negative environmental impact and ensuring a balance between the development of green energy and the preservation of the natural environment. Keywords: wind energy, environmental impact assessment, geographic information systems, spatial planning, sustainable development of territories, renewable energy sources, decarbonization, CO2 emissions.
Overcoming the Soviet Legacy in Land Surveying and Topographic-Geodetic Activities in Ukraine: Terminological Unification, Reframing of Scope and Institutional Integration
The article develops an integrated framework for overcoming post-Soviet inertia in the interaction between land management and topographic–geodetic activities in Ukraine. It demonstrates that the Soviet educational–professional tradition narrowed geodesy to measurement-centric engineering practices while marginalizing the European understanding of land management as a project- and law-driven activity that designs boundaries and regimes of land use with direct legal consequences. Drawing on international frameworks (FIG, CLGE, INSPIRE, LADM), current Ukrainian legislation, and the author’s long-term observation of professional debates on social media, the study substantiates: (1) the need for terminological unification (surveyor as a generic term, with clear distinctions between land/cadastral surveyor and engineering/topographic surveyor; geodesist is not a synonym for surveyor); (2) a reframing of functional roles whereby topographic–geodetic work is an infrastructural instrument enabling value creation across other sectors, whereas land management directly creates new real-estate objects and planning structures and governs asset value through RRR (rights–restrictions–responsibilities) approaches; and (3) institutional integration of data and processes based on INSPIRE/LADM semantic models. The paper identifies structural drivers of the perceived “crisis” after 1991—namely, the sharp decline of state demand for “centralized geodesy” and the technological automation of measurements (GNSS, satellite and aerial imagery, UAVs, GIS). It proposes the modernization of higher education under specialty G18 (“Geodesy and Land Management”) via interdisciplinary curricula (geodesy × land management × cadastre × spatial planning × real-estate valuation), the adoption of semantic data models and ethics with procedures ensuring public trust in boundaries, and sustained professional communication as a mechanism to eliminate legacy, Soviet-rooted conflicts between communities. Keywords: land management; geodesy; topographic-geodetic activities; cadastre; boundaries; RRR (rights-restrictions-responsibilities); INSPIRE; LADM; terminology harmonization; professional qualifications; NSDI; institutional integration; spatial planning; real-estate valuation.
RRR (rights-restrictions-responsibilities)
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Fair value of land capital: methodical approaches and scenario modeling
The article examines the principles of forming the fair value of land capital under the conditions of profound transformations in Ukraine’s agricultural sector. It demonstrates that traditional approaches to land valuation no longer meet current challenges, as they fail to account for environmental threats, institutional changes, and risks associated with military actions. The author substantiates the feasibility of applying the fair value concept as a more flexible and adaptive approach suited to present-day realities. A modified model for determining the value of land capital based on net present value is proposed, which integrates the following factors: the share of land plots withdrawn from cultivation, annual net operating or rental income, losses due to demining and soil contamination (expenses or lost income), state compensations, discount rate, and risk premium. Scenario modeling was used to present several possible development trajectories—optimistic, pessimistic, pragmatic, and one excluding the effects of war. The results indicate that the speed of land resource recovery, the scope of state support, and the efficiency of managerial decisions are the key determinants for maintaining the economic potential of land capital. The developed methodological framework can be applied both for decision-making at the level of agricultural enterprises and territorial communities, as well as for improving state land policy in the context of post-war recovery. Keywords: land capital, fair value, market value, net present value, risk premium, discount rate, rental income, state compensations, humanitarian demining, soil contamination, post-war recovery, agricultural sector, land valuation, scenario modeling, investment attractiveness of land.
Rational use of agricultural lands: monitoring the humus balance across crop rotations
Sustainable land use cannot be achieved without deliberate efforts to preserve and restore soil fertility, with the humus status serving as its key indicator. The challenge of maintaining a stable humus balance has become particularly pressing under the dominance of short-rotation crop sequences in the agricultural practice of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. The absence of systematic monitoring of soil organic matter complicates the prediction of agroecosystem productivity and threatens the degradation of chernozems, the country’s most valuable agricultural resource. This study aimed to assess the performance of different short-rotation crop rotations under conditions of complete fertilizer exclusion, to quantify their effects on the humus balance, and to identify the most suitable model for long-term land use. The methodological framework was based on humus balance calculations in a five-field rotation with winter rapeseed and sunflower, conducted during 2020–2024. The results indicated that technical crops generated a negative humus balance (–0.28 t/ha and –0.77 t/ha, respectively), with the most severe deficit observed after bare fallow (–1.46 t/ha). In contrast, cereals contributed to partial restoration of humus reserves (up to +0.21 t/ha and +0.08 t/ha), while the highest positive effect was obtained from green fallow (+1.14 t/ha). The overall balance per rotation amounted to –2.22 t/ha in the first sequence and +0.38 t/ha in the second. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating green fallow into crop rotations as a natural source of organic matter, essential for sustaining chernozem fertility and ensuring the resilience of agricultural production in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Keywords: southern chernozems, humus, biomass, balance, short-rotation crop rotation, cover crops.
Improving Approaches to Determining the Maximum Area of Land Parcels Under Existing Buildings and Structures
The article substantiates directions for improving the methodological framework for forming state- and municipal-owned land parcels on which buildings and structures are located. A methodology is proposed for delineating such state and municipal land parcels that, in the course of parcel formation, explicitly accounts for the functional (land-use) designation, the technical specifications of buildings and structures, and their location in relation to other immovable property, red lines (street right-of-way lines), public-use areas and facilities, water bodies, territories and assets of the nature reserve fund, cultural heritage sites, and other objects that impose special land-use regimes. It is proposed to establish a unified, quantitatively measurable approach to determining the permissible boundaries of these parcels through two interrelated parameters—the width of a basic service strip and a special adjustment coefficient for each class of buildings and structures. The proposed approach to forming state- and municipal-owned land parcels hosting buildings and structures will, overall, simplify the work of compilers of land management documentation by relying on a single set of quantitative parameters. At the same time, it will reduce instances of transferring excessive land areas without competitive bidding and accordingly increase the supply of land on the competitive market. Keywords: land parcel formation, functional (land-use) designation, building codes.
Geodetic support in the construction of residential, industrial and transport facilities
Geoinformation mapping of the soil cover and land adjacent to the Burshtyn TPP, and recommendations for their environmentally balanced use
Today, an important task for Ukraine is to assess the condition of land damaged and contaminated by military operations and to restore it. The use of geographic information systems and comprehensive analytical methods has repeatedly proven its effectiveness. In this study, GIS technologies are used to map the condition of land around the Burshtyn Thermal Power Plant in order to study the anthropogenic load on it. Based on remote sensing data, namely satellite images, analytical cartographic sources and scientific publications, thematic maps have been constructed, namely a soil map, three maps of soil contamination with heavy metals (copper, lead, cobalt), and a land map. These maps were developed in the QGIS environment and designed in accordance with standards. Within the zone of influence of the Burshtyn TPP, various types of soils have been identified that react differently to anthropogenic load. Analysis of the spatial distribution of heavy metals has made it possible to clearly identify areas of pollutant accumulation. This will allow for the formation of environmentally safe land use. The results of the study can be used for environmental zoning planning, degraded land management, and the development of sustainable development programmes after the Burshtyn TPP ceases operations. Keywords: Burshtyn TPP, ecology, land condition, soils, GIS technologies, cartography, anthropogenic load.
Refined algorithm for calculating area distortion adjustments of geospatial objects in geodetic projections
Area, as one of the fundamental geometric parameters of land parcels, is a key factor in land management, land cadaster, land taxation, and related fields. The geodetic area should ideally be determined on the surface of the reference ellipsoid; however, in engineering practice, it is usually calculated from the coordinates of turning points in the Gauss-Krüger projection. The influence of projection is approximately accounted for by introducing a correction to the computed area value derived from rectangular coordinates. At the same time, the geodetic area may differ significantly from its approximate value. There are no exact (closed-form) formulas to calculate the areas of arbitrary parcels on the ellipsoid surface based on the geodetic coordinates of turning points. Therefore, the most accurate values of geodetic areas of geospatial objects are obtained by numerical methods, including those used in geographic information systems. A simpler method of determining “undistorted” land parcel areas relies on equal-area geodetic projections. This study employs the Sanson, Gauss-Krüger and Cassini projections. For the Gauss-Krüger and Cassini projections, algorithms are provided for calculating corrections based on the ordinate of the parcel’s centroid and the ordinates of all turning points. The accuracy of the proposed algorithms has been analyzed using mathematical modeling. Key words: geodetic area, geodetic projections, area distortion, correction to calculated area.
Microsoft solutions framework (MSF) as a generalized methodology of the framework appoach to spatial information systems handling
In the article “Framework approach as a strategy for research and design of complex spatial information systems (using the example of NGDI)” the names of its three possible interpretations are formulated. The first of them – as a specific constructive strategy for using geographic information systems and technologies (GIS&T) to manage the territory of Ukraine - considered there also. This paper explores the second interpretation of the Framework Approach – as a generalization of the methodology for SpIS handling. The notion of “generalized methodology” is at the same “epistemological” level of the hierarchy of notions as the notion of “constructive strategy”. To consider this correspondence, the notion of “meta X” is used, where X takes the values necessary for this work. From a theoretical viewpoint, the main attention paid to the notion of “meta-research” and its component - the notion of “meta-methodology”. From a practical viewpoint, the main attention paid to the notions “methodology” and “meta-methodology”, known since the end of the last century as the Microsoft Solutions Framework (MSF, versions 1.0 – 4.0). Moreover, such understandings of “generalized methodology” selected that correspond to the notion of “meta-methodology” in the context of the Framework Approach to SpIS handling. Paying due respect to the origin of the term “Solutions Framework (SoFr)”, the consideration of the generalized methodology (or generalization of methodologies) begins with a reminder of version 2.0 of the MSF methodology, to all versions of which the abbreviation M SoFr (Microsoft SoFr) is applied. Such a notation makes it logical to ask about the similarities between M SoFr and the previously considered X(Y) SoFr, such as GeoSF (GeoSolutions Framework) or AtlasSF (Atlas Solutions Framework). Some of these similarities discussed in the article. At the turn of the century, the MSF 2.0 methodology consisted of six Microsoft models (solutions), some of which we used in practice: 1) enterprise architecture, 2) project team, 3) risk management, 4) application development process, 5) design process, 6) enterprise application. All of them described in the MCSD70-100 exam using the example of a hypothetical application that was relevant at that time. Then the MSF 2.0 methodology generalized, so that MSF version 4.0 included two methodologies: MSF for Agile Software Development (MSF4ASD) and MSF for CMMI Process Improvement (MSF4CMMI). There are sources in which the mentioned constructs called approaches. The following relations are valid: 1) MSF4ASD ↑ MSF 4.0, 2) MSF 4.0 ↓ MSF4CMMI. The relation ↑ is epistemological, and the relation ↓ is reductive. The ↑↓ relations are supplemented by inclusion relations: MSF 4.0 = MSF4ASD ∪ MSF4CMMI. Updating MSF 4.0 and presenting it with a modern generalization of the methodology for SpIS handling is necessary for the possible reduction from it of currently practically useful methodologies. In particular, built using modern Microsoft products, open source products, including our “extension methodology”, as well as others. Formally, the MSF notion is not currently being developed and the methodological constructs of MSF are hypothetical, however, the phenomenon of MSF itself actually exists, is developing and is used. The actual now MSF version in this article is interpreted as a meta-methodology, from which, by reduction (specification or specialization), it is possible to obtain the methodology for SpIS handling, necessary for practice and including actual Microsoft information technologies. The renewal of our interest to Microsoft solutions and technologies explained not only by their usefulness, but also by the more than ten-year strategy of their gradual openning by the parent (author) company. Due to this fact, by reduction (one or two) from the MSF meta-methodology, we expect to obtain our “extension methodology”. The more traditional name of the latter is Pattern-Based Spatial Engineering (PBSE) due to the fact that it is now being created as Model-Based Software Engineering. The latter will be Model-Based Systems Engineering. Keywords: generalized methodology for SpIS handling, MSF methodology and meta-methodology, Pattern-Based Spatial Engineering (PBSE).
generalized methodology for SpIS handling
Pattern-Based Spatial Engineering (PBSE)
Geodetic support for monitoring changes in the land use structure of Ukraine during the period of russian armed aggression and post-conflict recovery
This article examines the geodetic support for monitoring land use changes in Ukraine during the war and post-war periods, which is a key element of national security, economic development, and social stability. The purpose of the article is to present an analysis of the current state and future development prospects of geodetic support for monitoring land resources. The research employs a comprehensive approach, including an analysis of scientific publications and practical examples of geodetic technologies used to monitor land use changes during armed conflict and the post-war reconstruction of Ukrainian territories. The practical research was based on land use in the Bilokrynytsia territorial community in the Rivne region. The study explores the use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), remote sensing (RS), and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which enable near real-time detection of land use changes and the effective use of geospatial data for decision-making. Special attention is given to LiDAR technologies that enable the creation of high-precision three-dimensional models of the Earth's surface and the identification of degradation processes, particularly in geographically complex environments. Hybrid positioning is discussed as well, integrating various data sources (satellite, radio frequency, inertial sensors, visual data) to enhance accuracy and reliability, especially under conditions of limited visibility or satellite signal blockage. The study emphasizes that the processing and interpretation of geodetic data includes preprocessing, spatial localization, GIS analysis and modeling, and the generation of cartographic materials. The practical significance lies in providing objective and up-to-date data for making informed decisions on land use, spatial planning, and emergency response. It is concluded that further research is needed to improve the use of digital technologies, automate data collection, and integrate various sources into GIS systems for reliable land use change monitoring during both active hostilities and reconstruction phases. Keywords: geodetic support, monitoring, land use, war, post-war period, GIS, GNSS, UAV, remote sensing.
The current status and efficiency of the use of land resources in Odessa region
Effective and rational use of land resources is of paramount importance for the agricultural economy both at the level of individual enterprises and on a national scale. The paper examines the state and efficiency of land resources use in Odessa region in terms of natural agricultural zones. It was determined that in the structure of agricultural lands of the region, the largest part is arable land - 80.25%. An analysis of the dynamics of land resources of the region and the dynamics of the efficiency of their use by natural indicators we conducted. The results obtained indicate the dynamics of growth of areas under winter wheat, rapeseed and sunflower, and the stability of corn and barley crops was established. It is worth noting that in most cases the increase in gross harvest occurred due to an increase in sown areas. For a more detailed analysis, the level of sunflower yield we investigated in terms of administrative districts in relation to natural agricultural zones. The results obtained indicate that the lowest level of yield is observed in the Steppe arid zone, which is explained by arid conditions. Based on the analysis, a set of measures for optimizing land use is proposed, aimed at increasing the efficiency of land resource use in the region. Keywords: land resources, cadastre, efficiency of use, natural agricultural zone, yield, geospatial data infrastructure, land reclamation, land management, productivity, agricultural lands, optimization of use.
Organization of the ugid LLC "Korostyshivzeminvest" of the Horodske starostyn district of the Zhytomyr region
According to current legislation, the highest priority among all lands belongs to agricultural lands. This category is extremely important due to the use of land resources to provide society with food. Today, the largest share of land plots is in the private sector, used by individuals and legal entities. Quite often, lands are used contrary to their natural characteristics and intended purpose. As a result, the quality of agricultural lands, their natural fertility, water and wind erosion, etc., significantly decrease. In order to avoid such negative consequences of irrational land use, it is advisable to organize lands based on the justification of design decisions. Land organization was carried out for LLC "Korostyshivzeminvest" of the Gorodsky Starostynsky District of Zhytomyr Region. In general, the territory of the farm is characterized by a temperate continental climate with sufficient moisture supply and optimal temperature indicators. Taking into account the relief of the land use area and the distribution by agricultural subgroups of soils, a five-field field crop rotation was proposed with the following crops: winter wheat; corn, winter rapeseed; spring cereals (barley, wheat); corn; soybeans. The cultivation of these crops is expected to result in a positive humus balance and its growth compared to the pre-project state (+627,7 kg/ha). Keywords: land, improvement, economy, design solution, humus balance.
Anthropogenic change of landscapes due to amber extraction and measures for their restoration
This research article discusses the problems of anthropogenic landscape change as a result of amber extraction and substantiates measures to restore them. Amber extraction is an important economic process, but it causes significant disruption to natural ecosystems and landscapes. Uncontrolled extraction leads to soil degradation, landform changes, loss of biodiversity and disruption of the hydrological regime of the territories. The article presents an analysis of the environmental consequences of illegal amber extraction and its impact on the landscapes of Polissia. In particular, the process of quarrying, destruction of vegetation and formation of new erosive landforms is considered. The article considers the aspects of detecting changes in the landscape of the studied territory using Sentinel multispectral satellite images of medium spatial resolution in the dynamics of time periods. The cost of restoration of disturbed lands in the model territory by means of reclamation of disturbed lands is calculated. Based on the analysis, a set of measures for reclamation of disturbed territories is proposed. The main focus is on ecological restoration of land through reclamation, planting of autochthonous plant species and restoration of the natural water balance. The importance of scientifically sound planning of reclamation works to ensure the sustainability of natural ecosystems in the post-mining period is also substantiated. The developed recommendations are aimed at ensuring sustainable development of the region by restoring natural landscapes and improving the environmental situation. Implementation of the proposed measures will help minimise the negative impacts of amber mining and ensure the rational use of land resources in the future. Key words: land protection, land management, land reclamation, land management, land improvement, amber mining.
Scientific and methodological approaches to land management for organization of organic farming in Ukraine
The study focused on scientific and methodological approaches to land management in the context of organizing organic agriculture in Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the formation of a systematic approach to ecologically balanced land use and its harmonization with the requirements for certification of organic products according to international standards, in particular, the regulations of the European Union. The author identifies the components of land management, including: selection of suitable land plots in compliance with environmental safety criteria; creation of buffer zones to prevent pollution from the outside; minimization of the impact of neighbouring farms engaged in traditional agriculture; spatial zoning; rational placement of crops and livestock facilities. Approaches to the formation of crop rotations based on scientifically based crop rotation, the use of perennial grasses and green manure crops to restore soil fertility and improve the ecological balance within an organic farm are considered. Particular attention is paid to the use of innovative technologies, such as geographic information systems and remote monitoring, which contribute to the efficiency of management decisions. The author substantiates the importance of continuous monitoring of soil conditions, compliance with environmental standards, certification and implementation of product origin tracking systems as a prerequisite for transparency and quality assurance. Key words: organic agriculture, land management, land use organization, soil protection, environmental safety, sustainable development, certification of organic products, buffer zones.
Scientific and methodological approaches to the classification of land affected by military actions in Ukraine
Abstract. The focus is placed on the necessity of classifying lands and land parcels affected by military actions in Ukraine and establishing restrictions on their use. The study identifies the fragmented nature of legal regulation and the absence of a comprehensive approach to determining the legal regime of lands impacted by warfare. A synthesis of scientific literature on land classification has served as the foundation for developing the theoretical framework of a classifier for war-affected lands. The historical experience of managing war-affected lands is analyzed through the examples of the French Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany, which rely on scientific approaches to classifying damaged territories and guiding their recovery. The importance of establishing a classification system for lands affected by military actions is emphasized as a critical component in designing effective strategies for their rehabilitation. A classification system for war-affected lands is proposed, comprising five main categories: physically disturbed lands, littered lands, contaminated lands, mined lands, and lands with mixed contamination and debris. A detailed structure of the classifier is presented, describing the types and subtypes of affected lands, classification levels based on damage severity, the complexity of reclamation, and restrictions on future land use. The proposed classifier structure takes into account all relevant criteria and contributes to the development of effective measures for land restoration. Key words: classification of damaged lands, war-damaged land classifier, military actions, land resources, land reclamation, contaminated lands, mined areas, land use restrictions, littered lands, land restoration, post-war recovery, land condition assessment, land resource management.
classification of damaged lands, war-damaged land classifier, military actions, land resources, land reclamation, contaminated lands, mined areas, land use restrictions, littered lands, land restoration, post-war recovery, land condition assessment, land resource management.