Financial aspects of the renewable energy implementation in ukraine and international practice

Abstract

An analysis of the development of the world's energy sector was carried out, focusing on the rapid development of renewable energy. It is shown that the main source of financing for renewable energy in the world is borrowed funds and in much less extent private capital, which is invested in generation facilities with a capacity of up to 1 MW. In the process of quantitative analysis and comparison, the fact of significant development of renewable energy in Ukraine is reflected, which in terms of capacity deployment rates is not inferior to the world average. As in the whole world, in Ukraine the main role in the development of renewable energy is played by solar and wind energy. Ukraine is one of the few countries in the world that actively encourages the development of renewable energy through the mechanism of the feed-in tariff, with its gradual reduction as renewable energy develops. Special attention is drawn to the development of solar energy among households in Ukraine, which only in the last few years has exceeded the indicators of the installed nominal capacity of similar indicators of bioenergy and small hydropower of legal entities.

Goal. Conduct a comparative analysis of the attracting investment funds in the development of renewable energy in Ukraine and the world. Determine the main factors that have the direct impact on the increase of installed capacities of renewable energy in Ukraine.

Methodology of problem analysis. The methodology which is used in this scientific work is the comparison of the levelized cost of energy production of solar and wind energy (levelised cost of energy - LCOE) and the real value of the feed-in tariff discounted by the inflation rate during the analyzed period of development of renewable energy in Ukraine.

A scientific innovation. A study of the impact of the feed-in tariff for solar power plants installed by households in Ukraine and the world average indicator of the levelised cost of energy production by solar power plants on the indicator of the total installed capacity of solar power plants among Ukrainian households was conducted.

Research results. The main factor that determines the rapid development of the solar energy among Ukrainian households was determined by the decrease in the present value of energy production, i.e. a decrease in the cost of generating plants. At the same time, the "feed-in tariff" established by the state is only an alternative to investing in domestic state loan bonds and bank deposits. The "feed-in tariff" has no direct effect on the increase of installed capacities of renewable energy in Ukraine.

Practical significance. According to the results of the research, it can be said that the optimal way to stimulate the development of renewable energy, in particular solar energy, on the part of the state can be the abolition of the duty on the import of production capacities of renewable energy and the reduction of the tax burden on enterprises engaged in the production and repair of specialized equipment of renewable energy facilities. These actions will make it possible to bring the level of prices for the installation of domestic solar power plants and other renewable energy capacities to the world average, which will accelerate the development of alternative energy in Ukraine. In addition, it is possible to adopt the global experience of lending to individuals and legal entities who have expressed a desire to install alternative energy production facilities