Minimization of the risks of agricultural crops yield decrease through optimization of fertilizer application
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31548/economics15(2).2024.041Keywords:
risk minimization, optimization, yield of agricultural crops, niche cultures, agribusiness, enterprise management systemAbstract
The article primarily reveals the importance of crop yield in the context of two main factors: population growth and the increasing threats to food security correspondingly. It also reveals a range of other factors that necessitate increasing crop yields in modern farming conditions. As part of the analysis of recent research and publications on the topic, the approaches of scientists and practitioners regarding the increase in crop yields and the minimization of their decline were examined. Within the main part of the study it was briefly analyzed and outlined the trends in the use of fertilizers in Ukraine and worldwide. The dynamics of the use of mineral fertilizers in the Ukrainian agricultural sector during 2017-2022 was presented. It is emphasized that the qualitative, efficient, and optimal application of fertilizers in crop cultivation is particularly relevant both globally under modern farming conditions and specifically for Ukrainian agribusiness under current risks. Without exaggeration, in the management systems of agricultural enterprises that are engaged in crop cultivation, the issues of yield and fertilizer application are key under modern farming conditions. Economic and mathematical modeling were presented regarding the optimization of fertilizer use to increase the yield of grain crops, using the production activities of PrJSC "Zernoproduct MHP" as an example. The modeling was focused on three crops: wheat, corn for grain, and barley. A system of variables and constraints was introduced for the model's construction. As a result of the modeling, an economic and mathematical model for optimizing fertilizer application in the cultivation of grain crops at PrJSC "Zernoproduct MHP" was obtained; based on the results of which, an optimal fertilizer distribution plan for the specified enterprise was developed, and the modeled growth rate of the yield of main agricultural crops at PrJSC "Zernoproduct MHP" was achieved.
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