The formation of biological systems and control of microfauna in agrophytocenoses (state of the question)

Анотація

Vegetating plant is a main medium for the existence of a large number of different groups of organisms in the aboveground vegetative mass and soil, including the rhizosphere of the root system. The composition of the rhizosphere organisms includes the mycorrhizal fungi, free-existing rhizospheric microorganisms, saprotrophic organisms, herbivorous insects, pathogenic fungi and nematodes. These organisms influence and determine of plants’ growth and development. But currently understanding of the aggregate of interactive impact of all elements of the system that includes of above-mentioned organisms didn’t disclose fully, as accumulated knowledge to date are based mainly on studies of isolated (separate) groups (species) of organisms. It is necessary to explain how these organisms evolve and interact with each other during the growth and development of plants for understand the functions of biological systems. The plant is regarded by the different consumers as a carbon source or as an organism that interacts with them through the formation of difficult relations, thereby defining of soil processes. It should be noted that the relationships between plants and soil's fauna are far broader and more difficult than just a producer and consumer.

Have been disclosed the impact of microfauna to the formation of biological systems in the rhizosphere of plants. It is shown that accounting all elements of the soil biome is an integral component of functional rhizosphere's system of agrophytocenosis and basis in the management of these components.

          Thus, the interaction between plants and rhizosphere microfauna has a more complex organization than as previously thought in relation to nutrient regime, namely, functional differentiation of life determines the formation of a system of interaction with the plant and microfauna. At the heart of these interactions is the number of complex multi-level (from molecular to structural elements of plant tissues, such as pectin) biochemical interactions between plants and symbiotic micro flora , fauna against the background of the nutrient regime and physical properties of soil. These interactions also take place at various levels – within one specific plants and a plant biological community. It is known that the different nutrient content of the soil influence on the plants. Thus, growth and root development is determined by soil nutrient regime, which in the period to several hours by a system of plant rhizosphere receives certain signals. It remains an open question to what extent and what role, in terms of evolution, occupies a plant that is able to guide and regulate the flow of carbon to optimize their nutrient regime toward various members that form the system of the rhizosphere. Vital functions of soil fauna, flora, root system, herbivorous, predators formed in rhizosphere's system, which subsequently function as one coherent body. Rhizosphere's microfauna and its functional orientation with the successful study of the complex relationships in the future will provide an understanding of the mechanisms and enable form of governance and regulation rhizosphere's organisms using systematic approaches.