Milk manufacture in Ukraine: current state, main trends of development and problems

Abstract

Introduction. Negative trends in the development of the livestock sector in Ukraine: reducing the number of animals, reducing milk production and reducing its qualitative indicators, require an in-depth study of the current state of the industry and the reasons for the decline in production, as well as the prospects of the industry according to the latest changes in the legislation of Ukraine.

Goal. The main purpose of writing the article is to highlight the current state of one of the most important sectors of agricultural production inUkraine- animal husbandry. The in-depth study covers the main issues and peculiarities of the development of dairy production inUkraine.

Research methods. During writing the article, both general scientific and applied research methods were used. In particular, analysis and synthesis, inductive method of cognition, logical and historical approaches were used for the general assessment of the state and trends of the livestock sector inUkraine. In-depth study used tabular, graphical methods, grouping method - to detect the effect of average productivity of cows and average livestock on milk production in the regions ofUkraine. When highlighting the current state of livestock inUkrainewere calculated dynamics, structure indicators, used comparison technique.

Results. As a result of analyzing the volume of milk production during 2010-2017 y. inUkraine, it can be noted that this industry is in a state of decline and requires effective intervention by the state and science. Recent changes to the milk production legislation will certainly improve the quality of milk, but the industry itself will continue to decline. In order to avoid this situation it is necessary to solve a number of issues at the state and local levels:

-                      create preconditions and rules for conducting business, initiate a substantiation of a comprehensive strategy for the development of the industry;

-                     improve and control animal housing, milking procedures, quality of milking equipment, its washing, use of proper detergents, milk cooling, storage and transportation;

-                      provide high-quality food for cows and a healthy diet;

-                      introduce a system of instant cooling;

-                      the priority of the milk processing enterprises to the production of a qualitative product, and not for profit;

-                      motivation for the production of high-quality milk.

Key words: milk, condition and dynamics of livestock development, milk production by regions of Ukraine, animal productivity, livestock numbers