Scenarious target analysis of the electrotechnical complex of food production

Abstract

The article deals with the electrotechnical complexes of food-processing enterprises of the continuous type: sugar factory, alcohol factory, dairy factory and bakery. All selected objects have a complex structure and consist of a large number of interconnected devices, combined by material and energy flows.

The electrotechnical part of the studied complex includes power equipment (motors, magnetic starters, frequency converters) and equipment for automated control of the electrical process (sensors, actuators, regulating bodies, IPCs, boards and control panels). Electrotechnical complexes have a complex structure and consist of a large number of interconnected devices, combined with material, informational, thermal and energy flows, into departments, workshops and production facilities.

Due to the rapid development of technology and traditional systems of automation and standard methods of production (compliance with the technological regulations, reducing intermediate losses through the modernization of production, coordination of work of adjacent areas) are not sufficient to generate high profits. Increasingly and more actively, managers of industrial enterprises are introducing intelligent systems in their production areas, based on which various modern methods and technologies are based. An update is added to traditional automation systems and intelligent subsystems by diagnostics and forecasting subsystems: the state of technological equipment, automation equipment, microprocessor technology; failures of the components of the technological complex; downtime; identify and eliminate bottlenecks, etc.

The purpose of the research is to carry out a systematic analysis of electrical engineering processes in food production for the possibility of establishing links between the components of the electrotechnical complex, to determine the hierarchical structure of technological apparatuses and electrical equipment of complexes, to formulate common goals and objectives for the further determination of scenarios for their functioning.

In the study of objects that are described by linear dependencies, the prognosis does not cause particular complications and the depth of the forecast can be significant.

The reason for forecasting is the need to determine the rational regime and the calculation of operational parameters of the electrical engineering complex. The need for forecasting and diagnostics arises when the actual values of the main input and output values are deviation from their predictive values and is the basis for carrying out the conversion of the parameters of the plant operation, taking into account the allowable range of changes, within which they do not significantly affect the economic performance.

To reduce the effect of random temporary deviations of input parameters from the established values on the results of calculations of the rational mode of operation of the plant, the diagnosis and prediction of data coming from the object, are averaged.

The peculiarities of using the scenario-target approach for electrical engineering complexes are the formation and consideration of: resources; criteria; goals; objects; processes or operations; transitions; events.

Successful work of any electrotechnical complex (ETC) is to increase profits, reduce costs, losses, reduce the time to make operational decisions. The main reason for the increase of financial costs in the work of the ETC and the reduction of output of the final product is the deterioration of its quality for various reasons:

• the occurrence of breakdowns and as a consequence of downtime;

• non-compliance with the technological regulations;

• change in the quality of raw materials, etc.

When developing the control system of the electrotechnical complex of food production, it is necessary to ensure that the following requirements are met:

• clear formation of the purpose of management and a set of management criteria;

• development of adequate and complete mathematical models of the control object;

• choice of the structure of the control system with the development of logical and dynamic subsystems;

• synthesis of control algorithms for optimization of electrotechnical processes;

• the possibility of technical implementation of the control system.

With the aim of increasing the efficiency of production for the diagnosis and forecasting of electrical equipment, a scenario approach is proposed. Depending on the type of scenario, a different degree of detail is made. In A-scripts and in the construction of programs operate unstructured objects that do not reveal their internal structure, and in C-scripts-structured.

The structure of research procedures and simulation of a typical electrical engineering complex of food industries is shown in (Figure 2.1). In the first step, the A-scenario is developed, which describes in a general way the structure, goals, and factors influencing the achievement of the goals. In the second step, dynamic simulations are carried out on the basis of A-script using programs. In case of incorrectness or error, an A-script correction is made. In the third step, A-script turns into C-script, where the structure of objects and resources takes place, classes of objects are introduced, transitions between them are described, integral indicators of TC operation are introduced. The next step is to simulate the C-script, which results in an assessment of the achievement of the goals. In case of dissatisfaction with the C-scenario of the requirements, its adjustment is made.

When designing A-script, the goals that need to be met in the process of functioning of the ETC are first and foremost determined. For the effective functioning of the electrical engineering complex and the production of quality products, it is necessary to satisfy the goal of fuinization in the course of production. Moreover, at the stage of development of A-script, the goals of the system are quite global in nature and can be further specified, if necessary, by deploying into the tree goals.

At the second stage, an analytical or dynamic simulation is conducted, for this A-script is converted into a program base and tabular. Simulation at this stage of the study can detect errors at early stages and avoid losses associated with this.

The target scenario of a typical electrical complex is being constructed - it is a peculiar compilation of the properties of static and dynamic models in the form of a graph of operations, and statics provides a visual illustration of the sequence of operations, and the dynamics is carried out using markers (markers) that are at the vertices.

Due to the fact that item attributes are not specified on the base program, it only gives a general idea of the structure and behavior of the system. Resources and objects are characterized by a set of attributes (values) that can be represented in quantitative, linguistic, symbolic, graphical or other forms, and change when performing processes. The most common description is the description with the help of linguistic variables for which the method of linguistic approximation is used.

For simulation simulations C-scripts are constructed, the construction of which defines the internal structure of objects and resources with a detailed description of its attributes (properties), states, transitions and rules.

In the C script, restrictions are imposed on the region of change of attribute values and on the basis of them operations containing a certain number of identical objects with the same set of attributes with distinct values. Each class contains data about object attributes and rules that describe their "life cycle". Interoperability links represent the transformation of objects and their transfer between operations.

In order to construct a scenario of the target model of the electrical equipment of the enterprise, an enterprise technological passport was analyzed on the example of a sugar plant and the main parameters of the technological process were determined. The parametric scheme of the main departments of the sugar plant was developed, which shows three main departments (diffusion, defecosaturation, evaporation station) and the relationship of the main parameters of their operation.

The conducted system analysis of the ETC is the basis for forecasting the state of equipment: sensors; microprocessor technology: controllers, frequency converters, primary converters, secondary devices; executive mechanisms; regulating bodies: valve, valves, pumps, motors; technological equipment: apparatus, pipes, etc. All of the above provides timely repair work, a significant reduction in the appearance of abnormal situations due to unforeseen breakdowns, which will reduce downtime and improve the efficiency of ETC food production.

The general methodology for conducting system analysis of the electrical engineering complex of food industries with the use of a scenario approach for constructing a quotient-target model of the investigated object is developed. A new strategy for formulating the objectives of the functioning of the electrical engineering complex, establishing clear interconnections between its components, key technological apparatuses and electrical equipment by means of system analysis and construction of a quotient-target model has been determined. The three-stage analysis of the electrical engineering complex of food production based on the scenario-target approach proved the feasibility and necessity of applying such an approach. Since the first stage of the electrotechnical complex is described using the A-script; At the second stage, his (A-script) detailing is performed; In the third stage, the implementation is carried out using the C-script. The result is to increase the efficiency of the ETC and reduce the time to make the right management decisions.