АНАЛІЗ ПРОСТОРОВИХ ТА БІОМЕТРИЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ У СОСНОВИХ ДЕРЕВОСТАНАХ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ПОЛІССЯ

Анотація

EVALUATION OF SPATIAL AND BIOMETRIC VARIABLES IN SCOTS PINE FORESTS OF UKRAINIAN POLISSYA
A. Yu. Terentiev
Evaluation of spatial and biometric variables in Scots pine forests of Ukrainian Polissya.
Application of modern research techniques using possibility for remote sensing enables assessing not only biometric indices but also spatial position of the tree. This makes it possible to simulate individual tree, as part of a forest stand, including interrelation between trees in a stand. These variables include area of plant alimentation. The study was done on fifteen sample plots laid out in 40-135 year-old Scots pine stands of Chernihiv and Sumy regions. Experimental plots were laid with the means of Field-Map system, which made it possible to get data on the following parameters: crown projection area, lower crown height, height of the first dead branch, crown length. Additionally we calculated alimentation area of trees, average distance between neighboring trees and the number of neighboring trees. As a result, we revealed a relation between spatial and biometric indices of individual trees, and averaged spatial variables as well as mensurational parameters of forest stands.
Key words: diameter on breast height, height, alimentation area of a tree, spatial position. application, average distance between neighbouring trees, crown projection area.

According to Forest Law of Ukraine forests of Ukraine fulfill mostly ecological (water protection, safety, sanitary and hygiene, healthful and recreational), esthetic and educational functions. Though at the same time they have a limited functional significance. These two goals are often contradictory and the primary objective which stands before foresters is to find the best possible way to manage forests in order to succeed in achieving these two goals.
The study of the impact of feeding areas on biometric indices of the crown of the common pine was done on fifteen experimental areas laid out by post graduate student Dudko A. F. in 40-135 year-old pinetum of Chernihiv and Sumy regions.
Experimental plots were mostly laid out in pinetum of the Іb-ІІ class of bonitet with density of 0,7-0,9 using hardware and software complex Field-Map. It enabled us to receive data according to the following indices: crown projection area, the height of the crown attachment, the height of the first dead branch, crown length. Additionally, by means of the programme for calculating the feeding area of a tree we calculated the feeding area of some tree, average distance between neighbouring trees and the number of neighbouring trees. Experimental data are given in a broad range. It is testified by the results of processing biometric indicators which characterize the variation of the given data, namely standard deviation and variance.
The research conducted had two steps:
to establish dependences and connections between spatial and biometric indices of the tree;
to establish dependences and connections between average spatial indices and taxation attributes of a tree stand.
The principal method which helps to establish the presence and closeness between the studies indices is correlation analysis.
Thus, a correlation matrix was built to study the existing connections using data of every experimental plot.
The main indices which have a substantial connection with other indices are diameter, the height of a tree and a crown projection area.
The index of the diameter of a tree has a close correlation connection with the crown projection area, the feeding area and average distance between neighbouring trees that is with the indices which characterize spatial location of a tree. On the other hand the index of the height of a tree impacts the height of a tree attachment and a crown length and determines the vertical structure of a tree. The height of the first dead branch poorly correlates with other indices. The number of neighbouring trees has a close connection with such indices as the feeding area, average distance between neighbouring trees and the crown projection area.
To analyze the change of average indices for different trees a correlation matrix of the closeness of the connection of average indices and average indices of taxation attributes of a tree stand was built.
Average feeding area of some tree has a very close direct connection with the age of trees, average diameter, the number of trees per one ha and relative fullness; however with the increase in number of trees and relative fullness on the plot its indices decreases. It meets general laws of growth and development of the trees. An average height of a crown attachment has a high degree of a correlation connection with an average height and growing stock and a small one with an average diameter and the age of a tree. An average index of a crown length increases with age and an average diameter. It is also necessary to state that the impact of an average diameter on an average crown length with the increase in number of trees decreases. An average distance between neighbouring trees has a close direct connection with average indices of the diameter, height and age and an inverse connection with the number of trees and a relative fullness.
The use of new technologies enabled us to find new common factors of the build of trees and to study their impact. The given paper shows that the diameter and the height of a tree have a significant impact on the biometric indices of a crown. Especially the index of the diameter in most cases determines the spatial location of trees and thus it is one of the main factor forming indices when modeling as one separate tree so a set of trees on the plot.